Another problem for Gaius's aims was that the Roman constitution, specifically the Tribal Assembly, was designed to prevent any one individual governing for a sustained period of time – and there were several other checks and balances to prevent power being concentrated on any one person.

That constitution abolished the federal powers of the kingdoms, most notably the internal autonomy enjoyed by Buganda, and concentrated presidential powers in the prime minister's office.

On this basis, the MPLA imposed the adoption of a new constitution which not only changed the rules for the election of the state president ( see above ), but concentrated the main powers in the president and through a number of dispositions abolished the basic democratic principle of a division of powers.

In a quite predictable move, and in the light of the wave of conservatism led by the Holy Alliance, the prince used his influence over the Brazilian army to dissolve the Constitutional Assembly and imposed on the country a constitution that concentrated all powers on the prince himself ( eventually crowned " Perpetual Emperor and Protector of Brazil ").

After leaving government, Daszyński concentrated on working for the adoption of a new constitution.

Although the 1988 constitution preserves the external and internal roles of the armed forces, it places the military under presidential authority.

According to Article 89 of the constitution, the Council of the Republic has authority to make declarations of federal intervention, a state of emergency, and a state of siege ( all security-related issues ).

Colonel Zerbo established the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress as the supreme governmental authority, thus eradicating the 1977 constitution.

Since the 12th century, courts have had parallel and co-equal authority to make law -- " legislating from the bench " is a traditional and essential function of courts, which was carried over into the U. S. system as an essential component of the " judicial power " specified by Article III of the U. S. constitution.

A new modern constitution, which devolved some authority from the United Kingdom to the Cayman Islands government, was passed by referendum on 20 May 2009.

President Prieto had four main accomplishments: implementation of the 1833 constitution, stabilization of government finances, defeat of provincial challenges to central authority, and victory over the Peru-Bolivia Confederation.

The new constitution abolished the historical / political entities, including Croatia and Slavonia, centralizing authority in the capital of Belgrade.

For example, in a unitary state, the constitution will vest ultimate authority in one central administration and legislature, and judiciary, though there is often a delegation of power or authority to local or municipal authorities.

Two months later, the Junta approved a constitution for the state of Quito that provided for democratic governing institutions but also granted recognition to the authority of Ferdinand should he return to the Spanish throne.

The dogmatic constitution states that the Pope has " full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the whole Church " ( chapter 3: 9 ); and that, when he " speaks ex cathedra, that is, when, in the exercise of his office as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, in virtue of his supreme apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church, he possesses, by the divine assistance promised to him in blessed Peter, that infallibility which the divine Redeemer willed his Church to enjoy in defining doctrine concerning faith or morals " ( chapter 4: 9 ).

These events marked the first time under the new constitution that the federal government used strong military force to exert authority over the states and citizens.

They are legislative and executive powers and functions conferred on the Governor-General, not by Royal authority, but by statutory authority ," a view held also by Andrew Inglis Clark, who assisted Sir Samuel Griffith with drafts of the constitution and later became Senior Judge of the Supreme Court of Tasmania.

The few exceptions where the head of state is not even the nominal chief executive-and where supreme executive authority is according to the constitution explicitly vested in a cabinet-include the Czech Republic, Ireland, Japan and Sweden.

The constitution designates the Supreme Court, the High Courts and the lower courts as the authority to resolve disputes among the people as well as the disputes related to the people and the government.

The new leadership of the Irish Republic worried that the IRA would not accept its authority, given that the Volunteers, under their own constitution, were bound to obey their own executive and no other body.

The protocol was an attempt to resolve some concerns expressed by the United States at the court, who felt it to be in violation of its constitution, which provided for its Supreme Court to have the final judicial authority.

In 1993, a new constitution was implemented leaving the King without any executive authority and proscribing him from engaging in political affairs.

In that same year, St-Laurent negotiated the British North America ( No. 2 ) Act, 1949 with Britain which ' partially patriated ' the Canadian Constitution, most significantly giving the Canadian Parliament the authority to amend portions of the constitution.

Where it exists, it now often takes the form of constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role, but exercises limited or no political power pursuant to a constitution or tradition which allocates governing authority elsewhere.

On December 13, 1974, the constitution was revised, and Malta became a republic within the Commonwealth, with executive authority vested in the President of Malta which can be exercised directly or through officers subordinate to him.

The apostolic constitution Spirituali militum curae of 21 April 1986 raised their status, declaring that the bishop who heads one of them is an " ordinary ", holding authority by virtue of his office, and not by delegation from another person in authority.

* 1963 – In Libya, amendments to the constitution transform Libya ( United Kingdom of Libya ) into one national unity ( Kingdom of Libya ) and allows for female participation in elections.

* 1920 – The national council in Turkey denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.

According to Article 91 of the constitution, the CDN is " the consultative body of the president of the republic in matters related to national sovereignty and the defense of the democratic state.

In 1990, the Popular Front held its first National Congress, which formed a committee to draft a national constitution.

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America ( ELCA ) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada ( ELCIC ), the largest Lutheran Church bodies in the United States and Canada respectively and roughly based on the Nordic Lutheran state churches ( similar to that of the Church of England ), bishops are elected by Synod Assemblies, consisting of both lay members and clergy, for a term of 6 years, which can be renewed, depending upon the local synod's " constitution " ( which is mirrored on either the ELCA or ELCIC's national constitution ).

The process of democratization quickened in 1986 with the creation of a new political party, the Rassemblement Démocratique Centrafricain ( RDC ), and the drafting of a new constitution that subsequently was ratified in a national referendum.

Chile's constitution was approved in a national plebiscite held in September 1980.

Figueres became a national hero, winning the first election under the new constitution in 1953.

The powers of the legislature include enactment and amendment of the constitution and laws ; adoption of the government budget, declarations of war and peace, defining national boundaries, calling referenda and elections, appointments and relief of officers, supervising the Government of Croatia and other holders of public powers responsible to the Sabor, and granting of amnesties.

The legal power of the Communist Party is guaranteed by the national constitution.

It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution.

Presided over by Jean-Sylvain Bailly, they made a ' solemn oath never to separate ' until a national constitution had been created.

Also forbidden are political parties supporting militia formations or having an agenda that is contradictory to the constitution and its principles, or threatening the country's stability such as national unity between Muslim Egyptians and Christian Egyptians.

In July 1991, the TPLF, the Oromo Liberation Front ( OLF ), and others – established the Transitional Government of Ethiopia ( TGE ), which consisted of an 87-member Council of Representatives and guided by a national charter that functioned as a transitional constitution.

An amendment has recently been made to the constitution to demarcate at least the responsibility for EU military operations, which are unambiguously matters of national security and foreign policy.

A transitional constitution was drafted in May as an outgrowth of a national political conference in March-April and later revised by a constitutional committee.

In May the German National Assembly ( the Frankfurt Parliament ) met in Frankfurt to draw up a national German constitution.

During the drafting and ratification of the constitution, he favored a strong national government, though later he grew to favor stronger state governments, before settling between the two extremes late in his life.

Wood notes that the governmental structure in both the Virginia Plan and the final constitution were not innovative, since they were copied from the British government, had been used in the states since 1776, and numerous authors had already argued for their adoption at the national level.

The ultimate question before the convention, Wood notes, was not how to design a government but whether the states should remain sovereign, whether sovereignty should be transferred to the national government, or whether the constitution should settle somewhere in between.

Since most disagreements over what to include in the constitution were ultimately disputes over the balance of sovereignty between the states and national government, Madison's influence was critical.

He also believed that the constitution did not sufficiently protect the national government from excessive democracy and parochialism ( the defects he saw in the state governments ), so he saw his amendments as a way to mitigate these problems.

* 1966 – A military coup takes place in Upper Volta ( later Burkina Faso ), dissolving the National Parliament and leading to a new national constitution.