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The constitution enshrined in law the idea of autarky and prohibited the government from seeking financial aid or credits or from forming joint companies with partners from capitalist or communist countries perceived to be " revisionist " ( Having changed the original doctrines of Marx, Lenin and Stalin ).
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constitution and enshrined
Prior to the charter, there were various statutes which protected an assortment of civil rights and obligations, but nothing was enshrined in the constitution until 1982.
Reforms that paved the way for multi-party democracy included the repeal of articles of the constitution, which had enshrined the leading role of the PAIGC.
The German Democratic Republic was declared on 7 October 1949, with a new constitution which enshrined socialism and gave the Soviet-controlled Socialist Unity Party ( SED ) control.
A new constitution was adopted in 1991 and enshrined a " leading role " for the LPRP.
These laws have been enshrined in the Indian constitution.
The Provisional Government is considered to be the de jure government of the Korean people between 1919 and 1948, and its legitimacy is enshrined in the preamble to the constitution of the Republic of Korea.
The elections often put people into office that were very much opposed to the unitary state that was now enshrined in the constitution, and to other innovations that it entailed, or in any case were of a conservative inclination.
The constitution enshrined the hereditary leadership on the al-Khalifa family and called for the establishment of a 44 ‑ member National Assembly.
" One peculiar example is Cuba, where the role of the Communist Party is enshrined in the constitution, and no party is permitted to campaign or run candidates for election, including the Communist party.
" In his article, Freedom is a Lonely Star, he championed the libertarian social views of some of the founding fathers of the United States, which were enshrined in the American constitution, claiming that by his own time these had been:
People's initiative to propose amendments to the constitution is enshrined in the 1987 Philippine Constitution under Article XVII Section 2, which states:
For the Crown to nominate the political leader whose party controls the Cortes can be seen as a royal endorsement of the democratic process, a fundamental concept enshrined in the 1978 constitution.
This required the redistribution of wealth through a progressive tax system, rendering public ownership of the means of production, enshrined in Clause IV of Labour's constitution, unnecessary.
The concept of " rule of law " was enshrined in the constitution, and the CCP embarked on campaigns to publicize the idea that citizens have protection under the law.
The European Court of Justice recognised fundamental rights as general principle of European Union law as the need to ensure that European Union measures are compatible with the human rights enshrined in member states ' constitution became ever more apparent.
Theoretically there are civil rights enshrined in the constitution ; in practice you are not able to exercise some of these rights.
Growing anti-Catholic sentiment and policies, including plans for dissolving all monasteries in Prussia, made it clear that a reorganization of the group was urgently needed in order to protect Catholic minority rights, enshrined in the 1850 constitution, and to bring them over to the emerging nation state.
#* Significance: Party constitution ( 黨章 ) is passed ; CPC Chairman Mao Zedong is named leader of CPC ; Mao Zedong Thought enshrined in CPC Party Constitution for first time ; Mao retells the fable of " the old fool who moves a mountain " ( 愚公移山 ) in his closing address.
This first draft enshrined the basic principles of what eventually emerged as Australia's constitution: a federal system with specified powers ceded by the colonies to a national government, a bicameral legislature with an upper house in which all the colonies would have equal representation, and a federal judiciary.
The Philadelphia Declaration ( enshrined in the constitution of the International Labour Organization ) states that " all human beings, irrespective of race, creed or sex, have the right to pursue both their material well-being and their spiritual development in conditions of freedom and dignity, of economic security and equal opportunity ".
One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: all religions could be practiced freely and the pope was guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church.
Instead, an unwritten constitution comprises the body of a country's laws, enacted over time, coupled with an emphasis on political precedent and enshrined parliamentary procedure, to create a framework in which a limited government operates.
This new constitution enshrined slavery in the proposed state and protected the rights of slaveholders.
The four stars represent the four founding principles that were originally enshrined in the first constitution of Bangladesh in 1972: nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy.
constitution and law
Loyalty requires affection also to the office of the Sovereign, attachment to royalty, attachment to the law and to the constitution of the realm, and he who would, by force or by fraud, endeavour to prostrate that law and constitution, though he may retain his affection for its head, can boast but an imperfect and spurious species of loyalty ( R v O ' Connell ( 1844 ) 7 ILR 261 ).
According to the 1977 constitution of the Republic of Afghanistan ( 1973 – 78 ), all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law.
Later, the term was widely used in canon law for an important determination, especially a decree issued by the Pope, now referred to as an apostolic constitution.
An example from the constitutional law of sovereign states would be a provincial government in a federal state trying to legislate in an area exclusively enumerated to the federal government in the constitution, such as ratifying a treaty.
In most but not all modern states the constitution has supremacy over ordinary Statutory law ( see Uncodified constitution below ); in such states when an official act is unconstitutional, i. e. it is not a power granted to the government by the constitution, that act is null and void, and the nullification is ab initio, that is, from inception, not from the date of the finding.
Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.
Even so, its first recorded use in the function of a constitution ( supreme law of the land ) is with Sarsa Dengel beginning in 1563.
Since the 12th century, courts have had parallel and co-equal authority to make law -- " legislating from the bench " is a traditional and essential function of courts, which was carried over into the U. S. system as an essential component of the " judicial power " specified by Article III of the U. S. constitution.
Some states enacted reception statutes as legislative statutes, while other states received the English common law through provisions of the state's constitution, and some by court decision.
" Thus, even when reception was effected by a constitution, the common law was still subject to alteration by a legislature's statute.
United States federal courts only act as interpreters of statutes and the constitution by elaborating and precisely defining the broad language ( connotation 1 ( b ) above ), but, unlike state courts, do not act as an independent source of common law ( connotation 1 ( a ) above ).
The death penalty was removed from peacetime law in August 2002, and in May 2004 Turkey amended its constitution in order to remove capital punishment in all circumstances.
Some countries like the United Kingdom have no entrenched document setting out fundamental rights ; in those jurisdictions the constitution is composed of statute, case law and convention.
The Constitution of Canada ( La Constitution du Canada in French ) is the supreme law in Canada ; the country's constitution is an amalgamation of codified acts and uncodified traditions and conventions.
The code has been seen as an early example of a fundamental law regulating a government — i. e., a primitive form of what is now known as a constitution.
That constitution was adopted by referendum in December 2005, and decreed into law on 18 February 2006.
The Civil Rights Act of 1871 applies to public employment or employment involving state action prohibiting deprivation of rights secured by the federal constitution or federal laws through action under color of law.
A constitutional convention produced an electoral law and draft constitution.
It declared that during a four-year transition period, and sooner if possible, it would draft and ratify a constitution, prepare a law on political parties, prepare a press law, and carry out elections for a constitutional government.
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