Many alloys of aluminium, copper, magnesium, titanium, and nickel can be strengthened to some degree by some method of heat treatment, but few respond to this to the same degree that steel does.

The wealth of Amathus was derived partly from its grain partly from its sheep and copper mines, of which traces can be seen inland.

Analog television may be wireless or can require copper wire used by cable converters.

Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc ; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties.

By varying the proportions of copper and zinc, the properties of the brass can be changed, allowing hard and soft brasses.

Research is being conducted at this time to determine whether brass, copper, and other copper alloys can help to reduce cross contamination in public facilities and reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections ( hospital acquired infections ) in healthcare facilities.

The Shakespearean English form of the word ' brass ' can mean any bronze alloy, or copper, rather than the strict modern definition of brass.

In the 1st century BC the Greek Dioscorides seems to have recognised a link between zinc minerals and brass describing how Cadmia ( zinc oxide ) was found on the walls of furnaces used to heat either zinc ore or copper and explaining that it can then be used to make brass.

The copper can also be concentrated and separated by displacing the copper with Fe from scrap iron:

Originally a dark beer, a modern bock can range from light copper to brown in colour.

The beer should be clear, and colour can range from light copper to brown, with a bountiful and persistent off-white head.

An ancient civilization can be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.

Wherever the player goes before entering the dungeon, there is always a town which offers the basic services of a temple for healing and curing curses, a junk store where anything can be sold for a few copper coins, a sage who can identify items and ( from the second town onwards ) a bank for storing the total capacity of coins to lighten the player's load.

Mail can also be made of titanium, aluminium, bronze, or copper.

It can be experimented by simply rotating a magnet within closed loop of a conducting material ( e. g. copper wire )

This reaction can be driven in reverse by applying a voltage, resulting in the deposition of zinc metal at the anode and formation of copper ions at the cathode.

The electrical energy efficiency of a typical industrial induction motor can be improved by: 1 ) reducing the electrical losses in the stator windings ( e. g., by increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor, improving the winding technique, and using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as copper ), 2 ) reducing the electrical losses in the rotor coil or casting ( e. g., by using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as copper ), 3 ) reducing magnetic losses by using better quality magnetic steel, 4 ) improving the aerodynamics of motors to reduce mechanical windage losses, 5 ) improving bearings to reduce friction losses, and 6 ) minimizing manufacturing tolerances.

Common colored gold alloys such as rose gold can be created by the addition of various amounts of copper and silver, as indicated in the triangular diagram to the left.

Glass can also be cut with a diamond saw, or copper wheels embedded with abrasives, and polished to give gleaming facets ; the technique used in creating Waterford crystal.

In installations where copper pipe has been fitted to replace a section of corroded galvanized pipe, a special dielectric fitting called a " union " must be used to join the two types of pipes ; otherwise the presence of water in contact with differing metals creates an electrical current that can cause " galvanic corrosion ".

Dürer wrote of his desire to draw Luther in his diary in 1520: " And God help me that I may go to Dr. Martin Luther ; thus I intend to make a portrait of him with great care and engrave him on a copper plate to create a lasting memorial of the Christian man who helped me overcome so many difficulties.

Adding concentrated acid reverses the equation, and the copper ions go back into an aqueous solution.

It might be connected with " glowing coals ", or " fire ", but it could equally go back to, or be influenced by, the Latin name Brundisium of the city of Brindisi ( aes Brundusinum, meaning " copper of Brindisi ", is attested in Pliny ).

As copper slag has been found on Lipari Carbon-dated to 3050 ± 2000 BC, the beginning of the Proto-phase may well go back to that time ; however, typical conventional dates of 1800 – 1200 BC are given for the whole period.

Documented early plumbing systems for bathing go back as far as around 3300 BC with the discovery of copper water pipes beneath a palace in the Indus Valley Civilization of ancient India ; see sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilization.

Codelco pays income tax, all dividends go to the government and it also pays a 10 % tax on the export value of copper products and associated byproducts according to Law 13, 136.

Modern empirical study of biofouling got its start in the early 19th century when Humphry Davy performed experiments which linked the effectiveness of copper to the rate at which it could go into solution.

AMD's new fab in Dresden came online, allowing further production increases, and the process technology was improved by a switch to copper interconnects.

Typically bronze only oxidizes superficially ; once a copper oxide ( eventually becoming copper carbonate ) layer is formed, the underlying metal is protected from further corrosion.

' The crippled economy was further battered by prolonged and sometimes simultaneous strikes by physicians, teachers, students, truck owners, copper workers, and the small business class.

( For further information about copper magnet wire, see: Copper wire and cable # Magnet wire ( Winding wire ).

In 1632, small gold deposits first were mined in Venezuela, leading to further discoveries of much more extensive copper deposits.

The mash is allowed to ferment, the resulting liquid collected and distilled in either clay or copper pots which will further modify the flavor of the final product.

Arcesius's wife ( and thus mother of Laertes ) was Chalcomedusa, whose origins are not mentioned further, but whose very name, chalcos (" copper ") and medousa (" guardian " or " protectress "), identifies her as the protector of Bronze Age metal-working technology.

In 1835, copper coins denominated in centavos were introduced but it was not until 1851 that the real and escudo denominations ceased to be issued and further issues in centavos and décimos ( worth 10 centavos ) commenced.

Since excess marine growth affected the performance of the ship, the Royal Navy decided that it was better to allow the copper to corrode and have the benefit of reduced marine growth, so CP was not used further.

At a 1932 conference of copper producers in New York the Rhodesian companies objected to further market intervention, and when no agreement could be made, the previous restrictions on competition lapsed.

While still with the company Smith went a step further and added a cylindrical copper case to hold the bullet and powder with the primer in the case rim, thus creating one of the most significant inventions in firearms history, the metallic rimfire cartridge.

These first coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring pale yellow mixture of gold and silver that was further alloyed with silver and copper.

By this method its color is further improved and brought nearer to that of gold, probably by removing any particles of copper that may have been on the gilt surface.

Rosin tends to soften between 60-70 ° C and is fully fluid at around 120 ° C ; molten rosin is weakly acidic and is able to dissolve thinner layers of surface oxides from copper without further additives.

He discovered that adding copper reduced the alkalinity requirement over what had been required, and that also adding a chlorate to the nitrates that were already used would additionally permit running the process at a much lower temperature in the range of, reducing the cost of running the process further.

In a further development, the researchers used very thin copper sheets in place of the decorative sheet ( still overlaying that with the melamine-impregnated top sheet ).

Boulsover set up in business, funded by Strelley Pegge of Beauchief, and carried out further experiments in which he put a thin sheet of silver on a thick ingot of copper and heated the two together to fuse them.

In May 1701, Le Sueur left a garrison of men at the fort under the command of d ' Eraque and accompanied a large quantity of the blue earth ( Dakota language: " mah kato ") back to Fort Mobile for further analysis, which revealed that it was not copper and thus worthless.

Since the 19th century copper has been mined at Springbok and its surrounding towns, while a large mine extracting copper, lead, zinc and silver is located at Aggeneys, 70 miles ( 113 km ) further inland.

In addition to the hyperinflation, the fall in the value of copper and lack of economic aid would further depress the economy.

That failed coup was followed by a further strike at the end of July, joined this time by the copper miners of El Teniente as well.

Despite the country's obvious natural resources, including copper, gold and diamonds, much of Zaire's population sank further into poverty.