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In the 1st century BC the Greek Dioscorides seems to have recognised a link between zinc minerals and brass describing how Cadmia ( zinc oxide ) was found on the walls of furnaces used to heat either zinc ore or copper and explaining that it can then be used to make brass.
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1st and century
Later legends ( beginning with a poem by Statius in the 1st century AD ) state that Achilles was invulnerable in all of his body except for his heel.
The logical works of Aristotle were compiled into six books in about the early 1st century AD:
In Latin texts, on the other hand, Joseph Fontenrose declared himself unable to find any conflation of Apollo with Sol among the Augustan poets of the 1st century, not even in the conjurations of Aeneas and Latinus in Aeneid XII ( 161 – 215 ).
The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.
Writing in the 1st century BC, Horace refers to the wax abacus, a board covered with a thin layer of black wax on which columns and figures were inscribed using a stylus.
One example of archaeological evidence of the Roman abacus, shown here in reconstruction, dates to the 1st century AD.
The Kingdom of Pontus was independent from the 3rd century BC, until the middle of the 1st century BC.
During the 1st century BC the Armenians in what had been Urartu established the powerful Armenian kingdom under Tigran who reigned throughout much of eastern Anatolia between the Caspian, Black Sea and Mediterranean.
Schweitzer writes that modern Christians of many kinds deliberately ignore the urgent message ( so powerfully proclaimed by Jesus during the 1st century ) of an imminent end of the world.
Schweitzer concludes that the 1st century theology, originating in the lifetimes of those who first followed Jesus, is both incompatible with, and far removed from, those beliefs later made official by the Roman Emperor Constantine in 325 CE.
Buddhism arrived in China around the 1st century AD, but it was not until the Northern and Southern, Sui and Tang Dynasties that it gained considerable influence and acknowledgement.
* Aenesidemus ( 1st century BC )
* Agrippa ( 1st century AD )
These steels were of poor quality, and the introduction of pattern welding, around the 1st century AD, sought to balance the extreme properties of the alloys by laminating them, to create a tougher metal.
1st century BCE ), shows how the distance to the Sun can be computed geometrically, using the different lengths of the noontime shadows observed at three places 1000 li apart and the assumption that the Earth is flat.
The New Perspective scholars propose that the 1st century, Second Temple Judaism understood election primarily as national ( Israelites ) and racial ( Jews ), not as individual.
Indeed most biblical scholarship is in agreement that Judeo-Greco-Roman thought in the 1st century was opposite of the Western world's " individual first " mantra – it was very collectivist or communitarian in nature.
* Pedanius Dioscorides ( 1st century ) Greek physician, pharmacologist and botanist
* Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus, general and consul of the 1st century BC
* Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo, was the name of two politicians in the 1st century AD.
Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.
Brahmi numeral s ( lower row ) in India in the 1st century CE
* Pontius Aquila, 1st century B. C.
1st and BC
Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as the spoken language of Mesopotamia somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennium BC ( the exact dating being a matter of debate ), but Sumerian continued to be used as a sacred, ceremonial, literary and scientific language in Mesopotamia until the 1st century AD.
The 4th century historian Ammianus Marcellinus, relying on a lost work by Timagenes, a historian writing in the 1st century BC, writes that the Druids of Gaul said that part of the inhabitants of Gaul had migrated there from distant islands.
A Chinese book on houseplants written in 1st – 3rd centuries BC mentioned a medical use of Ephedra and opium poppies.
By the 1st century BC, Aediles were elected in July, and took office on the first day in January.
For comparison, a Roman 1st BC century catapult using stones of 6. 55 kg fired with a kinetic energy of 16, 000 joules, while a mid 19th century 12 pound cannon firing projectiles of 4. 1 kg fired the projectile with a kinetic energy of 240, 000 joules.
A map of Gaul in the 1st century BC, showing the location of the Aedui tribe.
In the 4th century BC Plato knew oreichalkos as rare and nearly as valuable as gold and Pliny describes how aurichalcum had come from Cypriot ore deposits which had been exhausted by the 1st century AD.
List of Roman bridges | Roman bridge of Córdoba, Spain, built in the 1st century BC.
For example, some Byzantine coins of the 1st century BC and later show the head of Artemis with bow and quiver, and feature a crescent with what appears to be a six-rayed star on the reverse.
Category: 1st century BC in Greece
Coins of the Bituriges Vivisci, 5th – 1st century BC, derived from the coin designs of Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul.
The Batavi ( the name is believed to derive from a West Germanic root also present in " better " ( possibly meaning " superior men ")) moved into the Betuwe in the late 1st century BC.
In the 1st century BC, the Boii living in an oppidum of Bratislava ( Slovakia ) minted Biatecs, high-quality coins with inscriptions ( probably the names of kings ) in Latin letters.
Although possibly Celtic-speaking in 179 BC, the Bastarnae probably were Germanic in language and culture during the 1st century AD, but appear to have become assimilated by their neighbouring Sarmatians by the 3rd century.
The Peucini branch of the Bastarnae first came into conflict with the Romans in the 1st century BC, when they resisted, ultimately unsuccessfully, Roman expansion into Moesia, the region on the southern bank of the Danube.
Meanwhile, the increasing number ( albeit still pitifully few ) of radiocarbon dates for the primary use of brochs ( as opposed to their later, secondary use ) still suggests that most of the towers were built in the 1st centuries BC and AD.
A few may be earlier, notably the one proposed for Old Scatness Broch in Shetland, where a sheep bone dating to 390 – 200 BC has been reported The other broch claimed to be substantially older than the 1st century BC is Crosskirk in Caithness, but a recent review of the evidence suggests that it cannot plausibly be assigned a date earlier than the 1st centuries BC / AD
1st and Greek
* 1913 – Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of Cyprus ( d. 1977 )
* 1977 – Makarios III, Greek archbishop and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Cyprus ( b. 1913 )
The Hebrew of the original calls the child's mother a " young woman ", but the Greek-speaking 1st century CE author of Matthew 1: 23, using the Hellenistic Greek translation of the Hebrew sacred texts, interpreted it as a prophecy that the Messiah would be born of a virgin.
The Greek additions to Esther ( which do not appear in the Jewish / Hebrew ; see " Additions to Esther " below ) are dated to around the late 2nd century or early 1st BCE.
The Sicilian historian Diodorus Siculus, writing in the 1st century BC in his Bibliotheca Historica, also provides an account of the Greco-Persian wars, partially derived from the earlier Greek historian Ephorus.
Greek astronomer Andronicus of Cyrrhus supervised the construction of the Tower of the Winds in Athens in the 1st century B. C.
* Cyrus ( architect ), 1st century Greek architect who worked in Rome
In the beginning of Christendom, early Christianity was a religion spread in the Greek / Roman world and beyond as a 1st century Jewish sect, which historians refer to as Jewish Christianity.
The Roman adoption of the Greek orders took place in the 1st century BC.
1st century BC ), described the invention of a mechanical arrow firing catapult ( katapeltikon ) by a Greek task force in 399 BC.
1st c. AD ), who referred to the now lost works of the 3rd century BC engineer Ctesibius, this weapon was inspired by an earlier hand crossbow, called the gastraphetes ( belly shooter ), which could store more energy than the Greek bows.
1st century BC ), described the invention of a mechanical arrow firing catapult ( katapeltikon ) by a Greek task force in 399 BC.
1st c. AD ), who referred to the now lost works of the 3rd century BC engineer Ctesibius, this weapon was inspired by an earlier foot-held crossbow, called the gastraphetes, which could store more energy than the Greek bows.
For example, in the 1st century BC the Romans were aware of the similarities between Greek and Latin, which they explained mythologically, as the result of Rome being a Greek colony speaking a debased dialect.
The first clear evidence of distillation comes from Greek alchemists working in Alexandria in the 1st century AD.
The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known automatic door in the 1st century CE during the era of Roman Egypt.
In the 1st century BC, the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus stated that the Etruscan language was unlike any other.
The writing system had two historical phases: the archaic from the 7th to 5th century BC, which used the early Greek alphabet, and the later from the 4th to 1st century BC, which modified some of the letters.
Although some scholars consider the letter a pseudonymous work written between the end of the 1st century and the first quarter of the 2nd century, arguing from the references to the apostles, tradition ; and the book's competent Greek style, conservative scholars date it between 66 to 90.
1 Esdras, probably from the late 2nd / early 1st centuries BCE, preserves a Greek text of Ezra and a part of Nehemiah distinctly different from that of Ezra-Nehemiah-in particular it eliminates Nehemiah from the story and gives some of his deeds to Ezra, as well as telling events in a different order.
The Essenes ( in Modern but not in Ancient Hebrew:, Isiyim ; Greek: Εσσήνοι, Εσσαίοι, or Οσσαίοι ; Essēnoi, Essaioi, Ossaioi ) were a sect of Second Temple Judaism that flourished from the 2nd century BCE to the 1st century CE which some scholars claim seceded from the Zadokite priests.
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