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The electrical energy efficiency of a typical industrial induction motor can be improved by: 1 ) reducing the electrical losses in the stator windings ( e. g., by increasing the cross-sectional area of the conductor, improving the winding technique, and using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as copper ), 2 ) reducing the electrical losses in the rotor coil or casting ( e. g., by using materials with higher electrical conductivities, such as copper ), 3 ) reducing magnetic losses by using better quality magnetic steel, 4 ) improving the aerodynamics of motors to reduce mechanical windage losses, 5 ) improving bearings to reduce friction losses, and 6 ) minimizing manufacturing tolerances.
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electrical and energy
The accuracy of measuring the total electrical energy entering an exploding wire during a few microseconds was verified when two independent types of comparison with the heat energy produced had an uncertainty of less than 2 percent.
This is used as a reference for comparing the ohmic heating and the electrical energy obtained from the measured current through the element and the measured voltage across the element.
The shutter aperture may be made larger or smaller by changing the foil area and adjusting the electrical energy input to the foil.
In an electroacoustic context, this means converting sound energy into electrical energy ( or vice versa ).
A Ward Leonard control is a rotating machine like an electrical generator that provides amplification of electrical signals by the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy.
:; Defibrillator: Electrical devices to alter the heart's rhythm with electrical energy.
However, a bombing in February 2005 shut the pipeline for several weeks, and attacks against the electrical gird system that provides energy to the Caño Limón oilfield have continued.
* Electrochemical cell, a device used to convert chemical energy to electrical energy
The human caused occurrences of electric current includes the flow of conduction electrons in metal wires, such as the overhead power lines that deliver electrical energy across long distances and the smaller wires within electrical and electronic equipment.
The reverse process in which electrons are released in redox reactions and can be used as electrical energy is possible and is used in the batteries.
The cathode can be negative as when the cell is electrolytic ( where electrical energy provided to the cell is being used to decompose chemical compounds ); or positive as when the cell is galvanic ( where chemical reactions are used to generate electrical energy ).
A transformer is an electromagnetic device that has a primary winding and a secondary winding that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by inductive coupling without moving parts.
* Vapor compression evaporation Commercial large-scale units can achieve around 72 effects with electrical energy input, according to manufacturers.
electrical and efficiency
The fuel cell can turn the chemical energy bound in hydrocarbon gases or hydrogen directly into electrical energy with much higher efficiency than any combustion process ; such devices have powered many spacecraft and are being applied to grid energy storage for the public power system.
Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution networks.
Some high-intensity discharge ( HID ) lamps couple their even-greater electrical efficiency with phosphor enhancement for better color rendition.
The company says that their MCFC products range from 300 kW to 2. 8 MW systems that achieve 47 % electrical efficiency and can utilize CHP technology to obtain higher overall efficiencies.
One product, the DFC-ERG, is combined with a gas turbine and, according to the company, it achieves an electrical efficiency of 65 %.
Operators of hydroelectric plants will compare the total electrical energy produced with the theoretical potential energy of the water passing through the turbine to calculate efficiency.
Most new engines rely on electrical and electronic engine control units ( ECU ) that also adjust the combustion process to increase efficiency and reduce emissions.
They also permit dose uniformity, but these systems generally have low energetic efficiency during the conversion of electron energy to photon radiation requiring much more electrical energy than other systems.
In response to this problem, some LED lighting systems have been designed with an added heating circuit at the expense of reduced overall electrical efficiency of the system ; additionally, research has been done to develop heat sink technologies that will transfer heat produced within the junction to appropriate areas of the luminaire.
Furthermore, the reliability and efficiency of refrigeration systems has improved significantly to the point that some devices are now able to operate on electrical power systems
The efficiency is a measure of the energy contained in the hydrogen compared with the input electrical energy.
These values refer only to the efficiency of converting electrical energy into hydrogen's chemical energy.
Given a gain of about 100 and a laser efficiency of about 1 %, HiPER produces about the same amount of fusion energy as electrical energy was needed to create it.
Even a very poor conversion to electrical energy appears to offer real-world power output, and incremental improvements in yield and laser efficiency appear to be able to offer a commercially useful output.
The optical NEP is equal to the electrical NEP divided by the optical coupling efficiency of the detector system.
Power factor correction may be applied by an electrical power transmission utility to improve the stability and efficiency of the transmission network.
SWR is used as an efficiency measure for transmission lines, electrical cables that conduct radio frequency signals, used for purposes such as connecting radio transmitters and receivers with their antennas, and distributing cable television signals.
They have the disadvantage that the diaphragm excursion is severely limited because of practical construction limitations ; the further apart the stators are positioned, the higher the voltage must be to achieve acceptable efficiency, which increases the tendency for electrical arcs as well as the increasing the speaker's attraction of dust particles.
In electromagnetics, an antenna's power gain or simply gain is a key performance figure which combines the antenna's directivity and electrical efficiency.
electrical and typical
The ' far-away light ' () is a reference to St Elmo's Fire, an electrical discharge supposed by ancient Greek mariners to be an epiphany of the Dioscuri, but the meaning of the line was obscured by gaps in the papyrus until reconstructed by a modern scholar — such reconstructions are typical of the extant poetry ( see Scholars, fragments and sources below ).
In a typical F wave study, a strong electrical stimulus ( supramaximal stimulation ) is applied to the skin surface above the distal portion of a nerve so that the impulse travels both distally ( towards the muscle fiber ) and proximally ( back to the motor neurons of the spinal cord ).
When used for heating a building on a mild day, for example 10 ° C, a typical air-source heat pump ( ASHP ) has a COP of 3 to 4, whereas an electrical resistance heater has a COP of 1. 0.
Many modern electrical appliances, if they contain screws at all, often use screws with heads other than the typical slotted or Phillips styles.
Two typical methods for converting solar energy into electricity are photo-voltaic cells that are organized into panels and concentrated solar power, which uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight to either heat a fluid that runs an electrical generator via a steam turbine or heat engine, or to simply cast onto photo-voltaic cells.
For either countertop or range-top two versions the primary heating methods for the plates are through either direct gas-fired flame ( natural gas and propane are typical ), or via high-powered electrical elements.
** Integrated un-interruptible power supply, which will ride through electrical brown-outs typical in vehicle installations.
* In electronics IDD or I < sub > DD </ sub > refers to the total electrical current ( I ) in the Drains of a CMOS circuit-namely, the supply current of a typical integrated circuit.
Under typical physiological conditions, this results in an efflux of K < sup >+</ sup > from the cell, which leads to cell membrane hyperpolarization ( a decrease in the electrical potential across the cell membrane ) and a decrease in cell excitability ( a decrease in the probability that the cell will transmit an action potential ).
As a typical blender has no gearbox, the multiple speeds are often implemented using an universal motor with multiple stator windings and / or multitapped stator windings ; in a blender with electromechanical controls, the button ( or other electrical switching device or position ) for each different speed connects a different stator winding / tap or combination thereof.
On land, the typical receiver used is a small, portable instrument known as a geophone, which converts ground motion into an analogue electrical signal.
Autotransformers have the advantages of often being smaller, lighter, and cheaper than typical dual-winding transformers, but autotransformers have the disadvantage of not providing electrical isolation.
In a typical electrical code, some colour coding is mandatory, while some may be optional.
The site is managed by the Electric Railway Museum Limited, and is home to a sizeable collection of preserved electrical multiple units, which is the most diverse and historically significant collection of EMUs in the UK, containing unique items that are the last survivors of once typical and numerous classes.
They used electrical stimulation on a behavioral time scale, such as for half a second instead of the more typical hundredth of a second.
The resulting current, typically several amperes per square centimetre of emitter surface, delivers electrical power to a load at a typical potential difference of 0. 5 – 1 volt and thermal efficiency of 5 – 20 %, depending on the emitter temperature ( 1500 – 2000 K ) and mode of operation.
Puget Sound Energy rates show a typical residential electrical bill ( at 1000 kwh per month ) of $ 102. 56 and
A typical manifestation would be the dip, or intermittent black-out, of domestic lighting during an electrical storm.
An electrodeless lamp or induction light is a light source in which the power required to generate light is transferred from outside the lamp envelope to inside via electromagnetic fields, in contrast with a typical electrical lamp that uses electrical connections through the lamp envelope to transfer power.
1.935 seconds.