The Big Bang theory depends on two major assumptions: the universality of physical laws and the cosmological principle.

If the large-scale Universe appears isotropic as viewed from Earth, the cosmological principle can be derived from the simpler Copernican principle, which states that there is no preferred ( or special ) observer or vantage point.

To this end, the cosmological principle has been confirmed to a level of 10 < sup >− 5 </ sup > via observations of the CMB.

The cosmological principle implies that the metric should be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, which uniquely singles out the Friedmann – Lemaître – Robertson – Walker metric ( FLRW metric ).

It was later realized that Einstein's model was just one of a larger set of possibilities, all of which were consistent with general relativity and the cosmological principle.

Given the cosmological principle, Hubble's law suggested that the universe was expanding.

One is that there is no compelling reason, using current particle physics, to expect the universe to be flat, homogeneous and isotropic ( see the cosmological principle ).

Steven Weinberg and a number of string theorists ( see string landscape ) have used this as evidence for the anthropic principle, which suggests that the cosmological constant is so small because life ( and thus physicists, to make observations ) cannot exist in a universe with a large cosmological constant, but many people find this an unsatisfying explanation.

Inflation answers the classic conundrum of the Big Bang cosmology: why does the universe appear flat, homogeneous, and isotropic in accordance with the cosmological principle when one would expect, on the basis of the physics of the Big Bang, a highly curved, heterogeneous universe?

David Hume and later Paul Edwards have invoked a similar principle in their criticisms of the cosmological argument.

These two conditions comprise the cosmological principle.

Bondi and Thomas Gold used the Copernican principle to argue for the perfect cosmological principle which maintains that the universe is also homogeneous in time, and is the basis for the steady-state cosmology.

Measurements of the effects of the cosmic microwave background radiation in the dynamics of distant astrophysical systems in 2000 proved the Copernican principle on a cosmological scale.

This follows directly from the cosmological principle, wherein it is assumed our Hubble volume is not special or unique.

Moreover, the majority of cosmologists take the cosmological principle as a given, which assumes that matter at the scale of billions of light years is distributed isotropically.

The hypothesis that the large-scale universe is homogeneous and isotropic is known as the cosmological principle, which is supported by astronomical observations.

Since these are unknown in exact detail, cosmological models have been based on the cosmological principle, which states that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.

However, assuming the cosmological principle that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic everywhere, every point in space is like every other point ; hence, the metric tensor must be the same everywhere.

It may seem that this conclusion is uncertain since it is based on the questionable assumptions of perfect homogeneity and isotropy ( the cosmological principle ) and that only the gravitational interaction is significant.

For example, Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington claimed that the cosmological constant version of the vacuum field equation expressed the " epistemological " property that the universe is " self-gauging ", and Erwin Schrödinger's pure-affine theory using a simple variational principle produced the field equation with a cosmological term.

I support the cosmological hypothesis which states that the development of the universe is repeated in its basic features an infinite number of times.

" Despite this admission, it seems Descartes ' project for understanding the world was that of re-creating creation-a cosmological project which aimed, through Descartes particular brand of experimental method, to show not merely the possibility of such a system, but to suggest that this way of looking at the world-one with ( as Descartes saw it ) no assumptions about God or nature-provided the only basis upon which he could see knowledge progressing ( as he states in Book II ).

Also, general relativity has passed stringent tests on the scale of the Solar System and binary stars while extrapolation to cosmological scales has been validated by the empirical successes of various aspects of the Big Bang theory.

Einstein published his first paper on relativistic cosmology in 1917, in which he added this cosmological constant to his field equations in order to force them to model a static universe.

Cosmologists are still unable to explain all cosmological phenomena exactly on the basis of known conventional forms of energy, such as those related to the accelerating expansion of the universe.

The doctrines of Chinese medicine are rooted in books such as the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon and the Treatise on Cold Damage, as well as in cosmological notions like yin-yang and the five phases.

As a general trend, the modern slants on the cosmological argument, including the Kalam argument, tend to lean very strongly towards an in fieri argument.

* Articles on the cosmological argument by William Lane Craig

* Articles on the cosmological argument by Alexander Pruss

* Articles on the cosmological argument by Timothy O ' Connor

* Articles on the atheistic cosmological argument by Quentin Smith and others

Constraints on many cosmological parameters can be obtained from their effects on the power spectrum, and results are often calculated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques.

Thomas Hobbes – a 17th century deist and important influence on subsequent deists – used the cosmological argument for the existence of God at several places in his writings.

Instead, under the influence of Locke and Newton, deists turned to natural theology and to arguments based on experience and Nature: the cosmological argument and the argument from design.

This is a relatively small amount of time on a geological scale, let alone a cosmological one.

Current cosmological models of the early Universe are based on the Big Bang theory.

In addition to his cosmological writings, Bruno also wrote extensively on the art of memory, a loosely organized group of mnemonic techniques and principles.

In a larger and more speculative sense, the theory suggests that the entire universe can be seen as a two-dimensional information structure " painted " on the cosmological horizon, such that the three dimensions we observe are only an effective description at macroscopic scales and at low energies.

The cosmological backdrop of Kult is largely based on the Tree of Life from kabbalistic lore, the Sephirot and the Qliphoth.

The general equations can be shown to be sufficiently consistent with classical tests of general relativity to be acceptable on physical principles, while still leaving considerable freedom to also provide interesting cosmological models.

The universe appears to have no net electric charge, and therefore gravity appears to be the dominant interaction on cosmological length scales.