The action of the Commission in allowing or denying any claim under this title shall be final and conclusive on all questions of law and fact and not subject to review by the Secretary of State or any other official, department, agency, or establishment of the United States or by any court by mandamus or otherwise.

If a litigant chooses to enforce a Federal right in a State court, he cannot be heard to object if he is treated exactly as are plaintiffs who press like claims arising under State law with regard to the form in which the claim must be stated -- the particularity, for instance, with which a cause of action must be described.

The action was a result of a court order, the citation for which ( and for other court action mentioned in this paper ) is taken from the Summary Report for this Conference.

Correlatively, can we reduce the role of the district courts, so that the action is that of the people of the community or other school district and not that of the law court??

For example, a criminal defendant may be convicted in state court, and lose on " direct appeal " to higher state appellate courts, and if unsuccessful, mount a " collateral " action such as filing for a writ of habeas corpus in the federal courts.

In order for the appeal to succeed, the appellant must prove that the lower court committed reversible error, that is, an impermissible action by the court acted to cause a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly.

The failure to formally object at the time, to what one views as improper action in the lower court, may result in the affirmance of the lower court's judgment on the grounds that one did not " preserve the issue for appeal " by objecting.

In 2002, O ' Donohue launched a court action that argued the Act of Settlement violates the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but the case was dismissed by the court, which found that, as the Act of Settlement is part of the Canadian constitution, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms does not have supremacy over it.

The government took no action, and handed the final parts of Bakassi over to Cameroon on 14 August 2008 as planned, but a Federal High Court had stated this should be delayed until all accommodations for resettled Bakassians had been settled ; the government did not seem to plan to heed this court order, and did set the necessary mechanisms into motion to override it.

The constitution expanded citizens ' basic rights, including that of " tutela ," under which an immediate court action can be requested by an individual if he or she feels that their constitutional rights are being violated and if there is no other legal recourse.

In law, a class action, a class suit, or a representative action is a form of lawsuit in which a large group of people collectively bring a claim to court and / or in which a class of defendants is being sued.

Just as medieval group litigation bound all members of the group regardless of whether they all actually appeared in court, the modern class action binds all members of the class, with the exception of those who appear and object.

In the 2011 court case AT & T Mobility v. Concepcion, the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision that the Federal Arbitration Act of 1925 preempts state laws that prohibit contracts from disallowing class action lawsuits, which will make it more difficult for consumers to file class action lawsuits.

A class action in such a situation centralizes all claims into one venue where a court can equitably divide the assets amongst all the plaintiffs if they win the case.

Finally, a class action avoids the situation where different court rulings could create " incompatible standards " of conduct for the defendant to follow.

In a class action, the plaintiff seeks court approval to litigate on behalf of a group of similarly-situated persons.

Court rulings have determined that this permits a court in one province to include residents of other provinces in the class action on an " opt-out " basis.

Epharoditus, Paul refers to as a fellow prisoner, we recognize as the person in the book of Acts who was literally drug through the streets into court on charges.

In The Art of Courtly Love, Andreas Capellanus ( Andrew the chaplain ) refers to the court of Poitiers.

Judicial economy refers broadly to the principle that the limited resources of the legal system or a given court should be conserved.

" Judicial economy " most commonly refers to the refusal of a court to decide one or more claims raised in a case, on the grounds that it has decided other claims in the case and that its decision on those claims should satisfy the parties.

When used in civil proceedings in England and Wales, the term " complaint " refers to the mechanism by which civil proceedings are instituted in the magistrates ' court and may be either written or oral.

This refers to situations where both sides in a legal dispute freely choose a sharia court as a binding arbitrator rather than taking a matter before the official courts.

Other states ' supreme courts have used the term " Appeals ": New Jersey's supreme courts under the 1844 constitution and Delaware's supreme court were both the " Court of Errors and Appeals "; The term " Errors " refers to the now-obsolete writ of error, which was used by state supreme courts to correct certain types of egregious errors committed by lower courts.

The name comes from the Cornish " hen lis " or " old court " and " ton " added later to denote a Saxon manor ; the Domesday Book refers to it as Henliston ( which survives as the name of a road in the town ).

In Davis v. Washington, the Court ruled that " testimonial " refers to any statement that an objectively reasonable person in the declarant's situation would believe likely to be used in court.

* Line and Cross-court Shot: refers to whether the ball flies in a straight trajectory parallel to the side lines, or crosses through the court in an angle.

But in historical usage, Dari refers to the Middle Persian court language of the Sassanids.

In appellate review, error typically refers to mistakes made by a trial court or some other court of first instance in applying the law in a particular legal case.

Although formally the Son of Heaven ( 天子, pinyin: tiānzǐ ), where the Heaven refers to the celestial heavens or the universe, the power of the emperor varied between emperors and dynasties, with some emperors being absolute rulers and others being figureheads with actual power lying in the hands of court factions, eunuchs, the bureaucracy or noble families.

I Samuel refers to the Cave of Adullam, and reports that David, when he had been expelled from the court of King Saul, there gathered together " every one that was in distress, and every one that was in debt, and every one that was discontented " ().

Motley refers to the traditional costume of the court jester, or the harlequin character in commedia dell ' arte.

Another Taliesin poem, Echrys Ynys refers to Gwynedd as the " Land of Gwydion " while in the Ystoria Taliesin, the legendary bard claims to have been present at Gwydion's birth " before the court of Don ".

The expression discrediting tactics refers to personal attacks for example in politics and in court cases.

Another problem is that naming people was considered rude in Heian court society, so none of the characters are named within the work ; instead, the narrator refers to men often by their rank or their station in life, and to women often by the color of their clothing, or by the words used at a meeting, or by the rank of a prominent male relative.

The original name refers to the Star Chamber court noted for its secret, arbitrary and brutal decisions.

State mourning or, in the case of a monarchy, court mourning refers to displays of mourning behavior on the death of a public figure or member of a royal family.

The AUF ( Workers ' Youth League ) membership scandal refers to the police investigation and subsequent court cases in Norway in early 1998 where four members of AUF stood accused of deliberately inflating membership numbers of their organization in order to receive increased government funding.

The term " Areopagus " also refers to the judicial body of aristocratic origin that subsequently formed the higher court of modern Greece.

In a few countries, such as the UK, Ireland, India, and Australia, the word hostel sometimes also refers to establishments providing longer-term accommodation ( often to specific classes such as nurses, drug addicts, or court defendants on bail ) where the hostels are sometimes run by Housing Associations and charities.

Judicial disqualification, also referred to as recusal, refers to the act of abstaining from participation in an official action such as a legal proceeding due to a conflict of interest of the presiding court official or administrative officer.