The U. S. Secretary of State is analogous to the foreign minister of other nations and is the official charged with state-to-state diplomacy, although the president has ultimate authority over foreign policy ; that policy includes defining the national interest, as well as the strategies chosen both to safeguard that and to achieve its policy goals.

" " Framing " refers to conceptualizing the problem, i. e., defining goals and objectives.

For example, in defining learning goals or objectives, instructional designers often use a taxonomy of educational objectives created by Benjamin Bloom and colleagues.

The ' metacognitive ' approach to instruction can help students learn to take control of their won learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progress in achieving them.

Robert King Merton also adopted the idea of anomie to develop Strain Theory, defining it as the discrepancy between common social goals and the legitimate means to attain those goals.

Transportation planning historically has followed the rational planning model of defining goals and objectives, identifying problems, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and developing plans.

Military operations oversees the policy interpretation into military plans, allocation of capability to specific strategic, operational and tactical goals and objectives, change in posture of the armed forces, the interaction of Combat Arms, Combat Support Arms and Combat Support Services during combat operations, defining of military missions and tasks during the conduct of combat, management of military prisoners and military civil affairs, and the military occupation of enemy territory, seizure of captured equipment, and maintenance of civil order in the territory under its responsibility.

There are often implementation specific ways of achieving these goals, but work has gone into defining a standardized constraint language as follows:

The nature of what was regarded alternative energy sources has changed considerably over time, and today, because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as " alternative " is highly controversial.

This rationalisation of the frontier would make it far more defensible while defining it more clearly in a political sense, yet it also created the paradox that while Louis XIV's ultimate goals were defensive, he pursued them by hostile means.

From 23 May 1990 to 22 February 1993 as minister without portfolio in József Antall's government he was charged with supervising the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ; he assisted in defining government science policy goals as well as closely observing the harmonization of related state tasks and their implementation ; on the basis of separate commissions he represented the government and the prime minister in international organizations ; he cooperated with the ministers for justice, foreign affairs and international economic relations in the realization of certain tasks.

Even if oughts can be understood in relation to goals or needs, the greater challenge of ethical systems remains: that of defining the nature and origins of the " good ", and in what sense one " ought " to pursue it.

In organizations, planning is also a management process, concerned with defining goals for company's future direction and determining on the missions and resources to achieve those target.

In 1998, the American Association of School Librarians and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology published Information Power: Building Partnerships for Learning, which further established specific goals for information literacy education, defining some nine standards in the categories of " information literacy ", " independent learning ", and " social responsibility ".

By providing financial, technical and logistical support to develop innovative community-based projects as well as an institutional infrastructure to sustain and evaluate them, the Center engages international, national and local resources in a cooperative network aimed at defining and realizing the goals of various community partners.

Seeger, Sellnow and Ulmer say that crises have four defining characteristics that are " specific, unexpected, and non-routine events or series of events that high levels of uncertainty and threat or perceived threat to an organization's high priority goals.

Autonomy is about taking control of our undertakings, defining our goals, and planning to achieve our needs through our own powers 1996: 159.

Under POP, the public has a much more direct hand in defining the goals of the police and influencing what issues the police will focus on.

* identify a range of alternatives to implement the national security strategy, by defining the security goals for American society, and by describing the internal and external policy instruments required to apply American resources in the 21st century ; and

NBC reporter David Gregory has cited the Vietnam War as an important example of mission creep, defining it as " the idea of, you know, gradually surging up forces, having nation-building goals, and running into challenges all along the way.

Supporters of GPI would respond that GDP, when used as a measure of societal well-being, ends up defining well-being to be things that the supporters of GDP ideologically support, and cannot function to measure the goals of a diverse, plural society.

The defining match that gave Universitario its twenty-first title was a 3 – 0 over San Agustín ; two goals were scored by Jorge Amado Nunes and one by Roberto Martinez.

However, the initial articles defining Euskaltzaindias ultimate goals have simply been ratified over the years, with new details being added where necessary ( e. g. article 1 in 1976 ).

The defining objectives of alchemy are varied ; these include the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone possessing powers including the capability of turning base metals into the noble metals gold or silver, as well as an elixir of life conferring youth and immortality.

The Thirty-Nine Articles are the historic defining statements of Anglicanism doctrine.

In 1976 the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) revised the definition of the AU for greater precision, defining it as that length for which the Gaussian gravitational constant ( k ) takes the value when the units of measurement are the astronomical units of length, mass and time.

The Tokyo Convention states in Article 11, defining the so-called unlawful takeover of an aircraft, that the parties signing the agreement are obliged, in case of hijacking or a threat of it, to take all the necessary measures in order to regain or keep control over an aircraft.

There are no standard conventions for defining them.

In early 2007 Borland rolled out a new company tagline, branding and go to market focus around Open Application Lifecycle Management ( ALM ) – defining it as the segment of the ALM market in which vendors ' solutions are flexible enough to support a customer's specific processes, tools and platforms.

The first 6 narrative chapters are fit into the structure rather than defining the structure.

The defining characteristic of bistability is simply that two stable states ( minima ) are separated by a peak ( maximum ).

The extent to which different markets are free, as well as the rules defining private property, is a matter of politics and policy.

The walls defining the enclosures of Khmer temples are frequently lined by galleries, while passage through the walls is by way of gopuras located at the cardinal points.

The World Bank and IMF are now encouraging the government to concentrate exclusively on implementing much-needed economic reforms to jump-start the economy and defining its fundamental priorities with the aim of alleviating poverty.

Nearly every human society throughout history has expected distinctions to be made between males and females by the style, color, or type of clothing they are expected to wear, and likewise most societies have had a set of social norms, views, guidelines, or even laws defining what type of clothing is appropriate for each gender.

Note that arrows between categories are called functors, subject to specific defining commutativity conditions ; moreover, categorical diagrams and sequences can be defined as functors ( viz.

Three methods of defining clades are featured in phylogenetic nomenclature: node -, stem -, and apomorphy-based:

There are secular Jews, who do use ethnicity and culture as their defining criteria.

When applied to vector spaces of functions ( which typically are infinite-dimensional ), dual spaces are employed for defining and studying concepts like measures, distributions, and Hilbert spaces.

While there is no single definition of a distributed system, the following defining properties are commonly used:

Notably, the XML DTD allows defining entities and notations that have no direct equivalents in DTD-less XML ( because internal entities and parsable external entities are not part of XML schema languages, and because other unparsed external entities and notations have no simple equivalent mappings in most XML schema languages ).

Here, the focus is not on finding precise solutions to the equations defining the dynamical system ( which is often hopeless ), but rather to answer questions like " Will the system settle down to a steady state in the long term, and if so, what are the possible attractors?

The defining features are that people can consume public goods without having to pay for them and that more than one person can consume the good at the same time.

The most common way to formalize this is by defining a field as a set together with two operations, usually called addition and multiplication, and denoted by + and ·, respectively, such that the following axioms hold ; subtraction and division are defined implicitly in terms of the inverse operations of addition and multiplication :< ref group =" note "> That is, the axiom for addition only assumes a binary operation The axiom of inverse allows one to define a unary operation that sends an element to its negative ( its additive inverse ); this is not taken as given, but is implicitly defined in terms of addition as " is the unique b such that ", " implicitly " because it is defined in terms of solving an equation — and one then defines the binary operation of subtraction, also denoted by "−", as in terms of addition and additive inverse.

In computer science, formal languages are often used as the basis for defining programming languages and other systems in which the words of the language are associated with particular meanings or semantics.