Moreover, on complex projects, design work must be completed and orders for machinery and equipment placed months or even years before construction can commence.

An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight / supervision of the construction of buildings.

To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings, that have as their principal purpose human occupancy or use.

Throughout ancient and medieval history, most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder.

With very large, complex projects, an independent construction manager is sometimes hired to assist in design and to manage construction.

Many architects elect to move into real estate ( property ) development, corporate facilities planning, project management, construction management, interior design or other related fields.

Professionals engaged in the design and supervision of construction projects prior to the late 19th century were not necessarily trained in a separate architecture program in an academic setting.

In October 2010, John Graham-Cumming started a campaign to raise funds by " public subscription " to enable serious historical and academic study of Babbage's plans, with a view to then build and test a fully working virtual design which will then in turn enable construction of the physical Analytical Engine.

The design, development and construction of the center was conducted by Kurt H. Debus, a member of Dr. Wernher von Braun's original V-2 rocket engineering team.

Although he was in charge of the project for the papal villa, the Villa Pamphili, now Villa Doria Pamphili, outside the Porta San Pancrazio in Rome, he may have had professional guidance on the design of the casino from the architect / engineer Girolamo Rainaldi and help with supervising its construction from his assistant Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi.

However, careful design, testing, construction and use minimizes risks.

From the 1960s through the 1980s, " by far the most significant developments in the design and construction of acoustic guitars " were made by the Ovation Guitar Company.

Likewise, " architecture " refers not only to the design of safe, functional buildings, but also to elements of creation and innovation which aim at elegant solutions to construction problems, to the use of space, and to the attempt to evoke an emotional response in the builders, owners, viewers and users of the building.

Passive solar techniques, alternative toilet and sewage systems, thermal massing designs, basement battery systems, efficient windowing, and the array of other design tactics require some degree of non-standard construction, added expense, ongoing experimentation and maintenance, and also have an effect on the psychology of the space.

The Massachusetts Turnpike Authority ( MTA ), which had little experience in managing an undertaking of the scope and magnitude of the CA / T Project, hired a joint venture to provide preliminary designs, manage design consultants and construction contractors, track the project's cost and schedule, advise MTA on project decisions, and ( in some instances ) act as the MTA's representative.

While his building was still under construction late in 1854, Bunsen suggested certain design principles to the university's mechanic, Peter Desaga, and asked him to construct a prototype.

While the complexity, size, construction, and general form of CPUs have changed enormously since 1950, it is notable that the basic design and function has not changed much at all.

The work of chemists is often related to the work of chemical engineers, which are primarily concerned with the proper design, construction and evaluation of the most cost-effective large-scale chemical plants and work closely with industrial chemists on the development of new processes and methods for the commercial-scale manufacture of chemicals and related products.

* Weymouth, F. Marten, " Drum armatures and commutators ( theory and practice ): a complete treatise on the theory and construction of drum winding, and of commutators for closed-coil armatures, together with a full résumé of some of the principal points involved in their design ; and an exposition of armature reactions and sparking ".

* – The comprehensive reference for design and construction of American-built clipper ships, with numerous drawings, diagrams, and charts.

During construction of the prototype PDP-1, some design work was carried out on a 24-bit PDP-2, and the 36-bit PDP-3.

In some cases the direct construction of an object ( as in pottery, engineering, management, cowboy coding and graphic design ) is also considered as design.

For example, a high-budget project, such as a skyscraper, requires separating ( design ) architecture from ( production ) construction.

The cycloidal arch was used by architect Louis Kahn in his design for the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.

In 1755, following the Battle of Lake George, the Marquis de Vaudreuil, the governor of the French Province of Canada, sent his cousin Michel Chartier de Lotbinière to design and construct a fortification at this militarily important site, which the French called Fort Carillon.

Stone ’ s eldest son, the late Edward Durell Stone, Jr., was the founder and chairman of EDSA, a planning, landscape architecture and urban design firm based in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.

An independent study analyzed test score results for over 21, 000 students from three districts located in Orange County, California ; Seattle, Washington ; and Fort Collins, Colorado, and concluded that students have significantly higher test scores in classrooms that optimize daylighting design than classrooms that do not.

The Meade County Bank in Muldraugh resembles the U. S. Gold Bullion Depository's exterior design at Fort Knox

Fort construction proliferated in 16th century Europe based on the trace italienne design.

Rosa Lee again persevered as she contacted the Fort Gordon museum curator for advice to design floor plans for exhibits.

The site consisted of multiple redoubts, including Fort Putnam, which is still preserved in a Revolutionary-period design.

Fort Meigs was constructed on a bluff above the Maumee River, and created from a design by the army engineer Captain Eleazer D. Wood, for whom the county would be named.

Based on the design of the Malakoff Tower in Sevastopol, Ukraine, Fort Fisher was constructed mostly of earth and sand.

It was similar in scale and design to Fort George near Inverness ( see Fort George, Highland ).

The effect of thirty years evolution in the design of coastal fortifications, between the 1790s and 1822, can be discerned between Ferry Island Fort ( in the foreground ), with multiple guns arrayed to cover the water westward, and the Martello tower in the background, which used a single gun with 360 ° traverse to cover all of the surrounding area.

Later that year they purchased major portions of Hewlett-Packard's manufacturing lines, including their PC board plant in Fort Collins, CO, their system assembly plant in New Hampshire, and their system design shop in Chelmsford, MA.

Fort William Henry was an irregular square fortification with bastions on the corners, in a design that was intended to repel Indian attacks, but not necessarily withstand attack from an enemy armed with artillery.

The effect of thirty years of evolution on the design of coastal fortifications, between the 1790s and 1822, can be discerned between Ferry Island Fort ( in the foreground ), with multiple guns arrayed to cover the water westward, and the Martello tower in the background, which used a single gun with 360 ° traverse to cover all of the surrounding area.

In 1816, he was sent to Fort Wayne where he built the third fort there ; having helped design the first two.

Meek now owns a website design and art company registered and situated in Fort Lauderdale, which is Hyatt's hometown.

That fall, after completion of Red's Dream, most members of the company gathered at Stillwater Cove, near Fort Ross, to design a new software that was designed completely for the work of an animator.

* 1985: Fort Worth Star-Telegram, " for reporting by Mark Thompson ( reporter ) which revealed that nearly 250 U. S. servicemen had lost their lives as a result of a design problem in helicopters built by Bell Helicopter-a revelation which ultimately led the Army to ground almost 600 Huey helicopters pending their modification.

However, in August 1856, greased cartridge production was initiated at Fort William, Calcutta, following a British design.

Built in June 1774, Fort Henry was not erected by any specific plan or design, but was one of a number of similar forts built to protect settlers on the frontier in the middle years of the 1770s.

After the War of 1812, the United States decided to fortify all of its major ports, and as a result, French engineer Simon Bernard was appointed to design Fort Pickens.

He spent most of the remainder of the French and Indian War in and around Albany, where his activities included the design and construction of numerous military fortifications, including a new fort on the site previously occupied by Fort William Henry, named Fort George.