Another effect discovered is the large coefficient of thermal diffusion tending to separate nitrogen from the oxygen when temperature differences straddling the nitrogen dissociation region are present.

In the specific case of time diffusion, we must emphasize the significance of the earlier development of mistrust when it is combined with the inevitable time crisis experienced by most ( if not all ) adolescents in our society, and with the failure of the adolescent period to provide opportunities for developing trust.

A pronounced ideological diffusion -- i.e., inability to identify independently with given ideas and value systems -- is reflected in many ways.

There are two parts to Einstein's theory: the first part consists in the formulation of a diffusion equation for Brownian particles, in which the diffusion coefficient is related to the mean squared displacement of a Brownian particle, while the second part consists in relating the diffusion coefficient to measurable physical quantities.

He showed that if ρ ( x, t ) is the density of Brownian particles at point x at time t, then ρ satisfies the diffusion equation:

He writes for the diffusion coefficient, where is the osmotic pressure and is the ratio of the frictional force to the molecular viscosity which he assumes is given by Stokes's formula for the viscosity.

It is very dense, and prevents the diffusion of oxygen into the underlying material.

Conduction in semiconductor devices may occur by a combination of drift and diffusion, which is proportional to diffusion constant and charge density.

The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to collisions with the large numbers of macromolecules in the cytosol.

When P and N-doped layers are placed in contact, diffusion ensures that electrons flow from high to low density areas: That is, from the N to the P side.

In modern text books, the diffusion pump is categorized as a momentum transfer pump.

The diffusion pump is widely used in both industrial and research applications.

The oil diffusion pump is operated with an oil of low vapor pressure.

The outside of the diffusion pump is cooled using either air flow or a water line.

As the vapor jet hits the outer cooled shell of the diffusion pump, the working fluid condenses and is recovered and directed back to the boiler.

One major disadvantage of diffusion pumps is the tendency to backstream oil into the vacuum chamber.

The steam ejector is a popular form of diffusion pump for vacuum distillation and freeze-drying.

One class of diffusion vacuum pumps is the multistage compressed-air driven ejector.

Although 19th-century ethnologists saw " diffusion " and " independent invention " as mutually exclusive and competing theories, most ethnographers quickly reached a consensus that both processes occur, and that both can plausibly account for cross-cultural similarities.

Collective diffusion is the diffusion of a large number of particles, most often within a solvent.

In dilute aqueous solutions the diffusion coefficients of most ions are similar and have values that at room temperature are in the range of 0. 6x10 < sup >− 9 </ sup > to 2x10 < sup >− 9 </ sup > m < sup > 2 </ sup >/ s.

Some examples might be use of an oil sealed rotary vane pump ( the most common positive displacement pump ) backing a diffusion pump, or a dry scroll pump backing a turbomolecular pump.

These genes are most often turned on or off by signal transduction, although in some systems where syncytia or gap junctions are important, RNA may spread directly to other cells or nuclei by diffusion.

) Given the diffusion of different Piers / Ploughman texts, it is usually not possible to be certain about what someone means to refer to when they mention " Piers Plowman " unless they provide specific identifying details — and most writers do not.

Worse still, the term diffusing capacity is positively misleading, since gas transport is not diffusion limited in all but the most extreme cases, such as for oxygen uptake at very low ambient oxygen or at very high pulmonary blood flow.

A typical light scattering ( or diffusion ) optical technique is multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning is the most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product, hence identifying and quantifying destabilisation phenomena.

Jesuits ( such as Clavius, Christoph Grienberger, Christoph Scheiner, Odo van Maelcote ) were the most efficient agent for the diffusion of the Tychonic system.

Seen in its most basic formulation, the classical Thai orchestras are very similar to the Cambodian ( Khmer ) pinpeat and mahori ensembles, and structurally similar to other orchestras found within the widespread Southeast Asian gong-chime musical culture, such as the large gamelan of Bali and Java, which most likely have their common roots in the diffusion of Vietnamese Dong-Son bronze drums beginning in the first century ACE.

Therefore, a HeNe laser that has lost enough of its helium ( e. g., due to diffusion through the seals or glass ) will most likely not lase at all since the pumping efficiency will be too low.

The most common means of analytically solving the diffusion equation in the hydrogeology literature are:

Alcohols are most effective when combined with purified water to facilitate diffusion through the cell membrane ; 100 % alcohol typically denatures only external membrane proteins.

It is known for the first place of diffusion of several distinctive traits new to either variant ( European or Brazilian ) of the Portuguese language, most notably:

In plants oxygen is produced in photosynthesis but most oxygen used in plant respiration enters passively by diffusion or through structural openings such as lenticels.

Homebrew approaches to transparent diffusion filters are generally based on modifying a clear or UV filter by placing various materials on it ; the most popular choices are petroleum jelly, optical cement, plastic food wrap, and nail polish.

It is most useful on the set since lights used on film sets quickly become far too hot to touch ; a wooden C47 is used to attach a color correction gel or diffusion to the barn doors on a light.

The excitatory neurotransmitters, the most common of which is glutamate, then migrate via diffusion to the dendritic spine of the postsynaptic neuron and bind a specific transmembrane receptor protein that triggers the depolarization of that cell.

As with most traditional mancalas, precise historical information on the origins and diffusion of Bao is missing.

The analysis is most simple when the fluorescence recovery is limited by either the rate of diffusion into the bleached area or by rate at which bleached proteins unbind from their binding sites within the bleached area, and are replaced by fluorescent protein.

CIDNP ( Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization ), often pronounced like " kidnap ", is a non-Boltzmann nuclear spin state distribution produced in thermal or photochemical reactions, usually from colligation and diffusion, or disproportionation of radical pairs, and detected by NMR spectroscopy as enhanced absorption or emission signals.

Moore shows that the diffusion of power within a party tends to also lead to a diffusion of power in the parliament in which that party operates, thereby making coalitions more likely.

The theory for adoption of an innovation, called diffusion of innovations, considers the likelihood that an innovation will ever be adopted and the taxonomy of persons likely to adopt it or spur its adoption.

Natural convection will be less likely and / or less rapid with more rapid diffusion ( thereby diffusing away the thermal gradient that is causing the convection ) and / or a more viscous ( sticky ) fluid.

" The proposed design would have been built with either point-contact transistors or surface barrier transistors, both likely to be soon outperformed by the then newly invented diffusion transistors.

Because the PSF sample includes only one culture randomly selected from each of 60 macro-culture areas around the world, correlations and other statistical results are likely to be trustworthy and functional, not due to duplications in the sample because of random diffusion or common ancestry.

In addition, diffusion of responsibility is more likely to occur under conditions of anonymity.

They note, however, that " the quest for primacy is likely to prove futile for five reasons ": the diffusion of economic and technological capabilities, interstate balancing against the United States, the danger that hegemonic leadership will fatally undermine valuable multilateral institutions, the feasibility of preventive war and the dangers of imperial overstretch.

The theory states that, all things being equal, passive littering will be more resistant to change because of two psychological processes: 1. diffusion of responsibility that increases as the latency between when an individual places litter in the environment and when they vacate the territory, and 2. forgetting, which is also more likely to occur at longer delays between when an individual places litter in the environment and when they vacate the territory.

This chemical peculiarity in an otherwise stable stellar atmosphere is most likely caused by separation of the elements through diffusion and gravitational settling.

In the stronger version they predicted the diffusion of fundamentalist movements as an antithesis to secularization, arguing that the more societies change the more likely they will be in opposition to modernity.

It is likely that, through focusing of electric fields at particle interfaces, microwaves cause plasma formation and enhance diffusion in solids via second-order effects.

The most likely mechanism, given the experimental data, is that of dislocation climb, rate limited by the diffusion of solute in the bulk.