The Atari standard joystick, developed for the Atari 2600, released in 1977, was a digital joystick, with a single fire button, and connected via a DE-9 connector, the electrical specifications of which were for many years the de-facto standard digital joystick specification.

This, in conjunction with digital fire control / ballistic computers and digital communications, allows individual guns to disperse over a wide area and still deliver rounds on target simultaneously with the other guns in their battery.

The greatest difference is the integration of an inertial navigation system, sensors detecting the weapons ' lay, automation, and an encrypted digital communication system which utilizes computer controlled frequency hopping to avoid enemy electronic warfare and allow the howitzer to send grid location and altitude to the battery fire direction center ( FDC ).

The Performance Improvement Program variant, K55A1, is a complete domestic overhaul of the K55 which is further augmented by Samsung Thales with modern digital ballistic computers, multifunctional data display and controllers, GPS navigation and target acquisition system, wireless datalink equipment, and upgraded fire control storage battery and power supply unit, to closely match the US military's modernization of the Paladin into next-generation standard.

The upgraded vehicle is called the BMP-3M and the new turret includes a new automatic fire control system with digital computer, new BZS1 gunner's sight with SAGEM thermal imager and laser illuminator, TKN-AI commander's periscope with laser infrared illuminator and new ammunition loading system.

The Mk III version has a digital electronic architecture with several different CAN-buses and digital networks, and is the first IFV to boast an automatic Defensive Aid Suite ( DAS ) which classifies threats and in automatic mode can fire smoke and / or the main gun in suitable directions as well as instruct the driver.

The Leclerc's digital fire control system can be operated independently by the gunner or the commander, and it offers real time integrated imaging from all of the tank's sensors and sights, including the gunner's SAVAN 20 stabilised sight, developed by SAGEM and the driver's night / day OB-60 vision system from Thales Optrosys.

The most common wiring supported five digital connections ( for up, down, left, and right movement, and one fire button ), plus one pair of analog 100 kΩ potentiometers or paddles.

In 1972, Theodore George “ Ted ” Paraskevakos, while working with Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, developed a sensor monitoring system which used digital transmission for security, fire and medical alarm systems as well as meter reading capabilities for all utilities.

Only hours later, a similar tower in Smilde caught fire and collapsed, after which all transmitters in the Gerbrandy tower were shut down as a precaution, leaving large parts of the Netherlands without FM-radio and digital TV ( DVB-T ) reception.

All models feature digital fire control systems with laser rangefinders, a fully stabilized main gun and coaxial machine gun, and advanced night vision and sighting equipment ( first vehicles used a low-light level TV system or LLLTV ; thermal imaging was introduced later on ).

* Ancillary cryptography items are the ones primarily used not for computing and communications, but for digital right management ; games, household appliances ; printing, photo and video recording ( but not videoconferencing ); business process automation ; industrial or manufacturing systems ( including robotics, fire alarms and HVAC ); automotive, aviation and other transportation systems.

It designs, develops and supplies digital ( TETRA ) radios for the public safety market ( such as police, fire service and ambulance ) as well as Military, Transport and Utilities.

This problem has been solved through the introduction of digital fire plans.

As well as general 120-240 volt electrical systems, the students also work on and learn about fire alarm systems, telephone systems, data / communications, and direct digital control systems for HVAC control within buildings.

From the Mk 5 onwards, fire control was provided by the Marconi IFCS ( Improved Fire Control System ), using a digital ballistic computer.

It featured an all-welded aluminium hull, increased armour, digital fire control system and more powerful engine.

Future upgrades will include a digital fire control system and improved power pack.

This programme is examining new systems with a view to replacement of all 155 mm M198 medium guns and 105 mm L119 and M2A2 field guns as well as the adoption of an integrated digital fire control network structure.

* Fire station alert system: fire department dispatching system using radio controls to activate remote signals at designated fire stations and to transmit emergency information via audio or digital channels.

Like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols ( i. e. graphemes and control characters ).

Slide rules and nomographs are the simplest, while naval gunfire control computers and large hybrid digital / analog computers were among the most complicated.

Limitations with mp3-player DJing equipment has meant that only second generation equipment such as the IDJ2 or the Cortex Dmix-300 have the pitch control that alters tempo and allows for beatmatching on a digital music player.

The bilinear transform ( also known as Tustin's method ) is used in digital signal processing and discrete-time control theory to transform continuous-time system representations to discrete-time and vice versa.

Development of computer control tools posed a requirement of discrete control system engineering because the communications between the computer-based digital controller and the physical system are governed by a computer clock.

Today many of the control systems are computer controlled and they consist of both digital and analog components.

* John R. Ragazzini ( 1912 – 1988 ) introduced digital control and the z-transform in the 1950s.

A variant of Coral 66 was developed during the late 1970s / early 1980s by the British GPO, in conjunction with GEC, STC and Plessey, for use on the System X digital telephone exchange control computers, known as PO-CORAL.

Dedicated digital synthesizers frequently have the advantage of onboard accessibility, with switchable front panel controls to peruse their functions, whereas software synthesizers trump their dedicated counterparts with their additional functionality, against the handicap of a mouse-driven control system.

DSP includes subfields like: audio and speech signal processing, sonar and radar signal processing, sensor array processing, spectral estimation, statistical signal processing, digital image processing, signal processing for communications, control of systems, biomedical signal processing, seismic data processing, etc.

Today there are additional technologies used for digital signal processing including more powerful general purpose microprocessors, field-programmable gate arrays ( FPGAs ), digital signal controllers ( mostly for industrial apps such as motor control ), and stream processors, among others.

Specific examples are speech compression and transmission in digital mobile phones, room correction of sound in hi-fi and sound reinforcement applications, weather forecasting, economic forecasting, seismic data processing, analysis and control of industrial processes, medical imaging such as CAT scans and MRI, MP3 compression, computer graphics, image manipulation, hi-fi loudspeaker crossovers and equalization, and audio effects for use with electric guitar amplifiers.

Final Scratch debuted at the BE Developer Conference, marking the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time-coded vinyl records or CDs.

Signal Processing is a very mathematically oriented and intensive area forming the core of digital signal processing and it is rapidly expanding with new applications in every field of electrical engineering such as communications, control, radar, TV / Audio / Video engineering, power electronics and bio-medical engineering as many already existing analog systems are replaced with their digital counterparts.

DSP processor ICs are found in every type of modern electronic systems and products including, SDTV | HDTV sets, radios and mobile communication devices, Hi-Fi audio equipments, Dolby noise reduction algorithms, GSM mobile phones, mp3 multimedia players, camcorders and digital cameras, automobile control systems, noise cancelling headphones, digital spectrum analyzers, intelligent missile guidance, radar, GPS based cruise control systems and all kinds of image processing, video processing, audio processing and speech processing systems.

Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers ( used to control industrial processes ) are constructed of digital circuits.

The digital control introduces additional distortion called quantization error caused by its conversion of the input signal to a digital value.

Rackmounts are controlled by knobs or switches on their front panel, and often by a MIDI digital control interface.

It appears in a form that is admirably suited to the powers of the digital computer.

The set of equations ( 5 ), ( 6 ), and the starting equation ( 7 ) is of a recursive type well suited to programming on the digital computer.

At that time, the ENIAC was considered to be the first computer in the modern sense, but in 1973 a U. S. District Court invalidated the ENIAC patent and concluded that the ENIAC inventors had derived the subject matter of the electronic digital computer from Atanasoff ( see Patent dispute ).

George W. Snedecor, the head of Iowa State's Statistics Department, was very likely the first user of an electronic digital computer to solve real world mathematics problems.

Judge Larson explicitly stated, " Eckert and Mauchly did not themselves first invent the automatic electronic digital computer, but instead derived that subject matter from one Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff ".

This number connects to a computer at a local central office, which uses a voice synthesizer or digital samples to " speak " the phone number of the line calling in.

* Atanasoff – Berry Computer, an early electronic digital computer

An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system.

More recently, software with similar capabilities has been developed to allow manipulation of digital audio files stored on computers using turntables with special vinyl records ( e. g. Final Scratch, M-Audio Torq, Serato Scratch Live ) or computer interface ( e. g. Traktor DJ Studio, Mixxx, Virtual DJ ).

The development of digital media and computer network technologies have prompted reinterpretation of these exceptions, introduced new difficulties in enforcing copyright, and inspired additional challenges to copyright law's philosophic basis.

Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media used to retain digital data.

A modern digital computer represents data using the binary numeral system.

Another precursor was the early development of the theory of computation and the digital computer in the 1940s and 1950s.

At the same time, computer scientists working in the field of Artificial Intelligence have pursued the goal of creating digital computer programs that can simulate or embody consciousness.

The impact of valence theory declined during the 1960s and 1970s as molecular orbital theory grew in usefulness as it was implemented in large digital computer programs.

A codec is a device or computer program capable of encoding or decoding a digital data stream or signal.

Codecs do the opposite ( convert audio analog to digital and then computer digital sound back to audio ).

Some of the earliest animation done using a digital computer was done at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the first half of the 1960s by Edward E. Zajac, Frank W. Sinden, Kenneth C. Knowlton, and A. Michael Noll.

In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store programs ( sequences of instructions ) or data ( e. g. program state information ) on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a computer or other digital electronic device.

The first electronic programmable digital computer, the ENIAC, using thousands of octal-base radio vacuum tubes, could perform simple calculations involving 20 numbers of ten decimal digits which were held in the vacuum tube accumulators.

Two further major 1950s developments were the origins of digital sound synthesis by computer, and of algorithmic composition programs beyond rote playback.

In addition to the Yamaha DX7, the advent of inexpensive digital chips and microcomputers opened the door to real-time generation of computer music.