Radiation, therefore, is at an initial cost disadvantage even though only 1 to 10 per cent as much radiation energy as heat energy is required for radiopasteurization or radiosterilization.

The primary disadvantage of analog signaling is that any system has noise – i. e., random unwanted variation.

The disadvantage of using deadweight anchors in conditions where a mushroom anchor could be used is that it needs to be around ten times the weight of the equivalent mushroom anchor.

The disadvantage of computer anagram solvers, especially when applied to multi-word anagrams, is their poor understanding of the meaning of the words they are manipulating.

The disadvantage to this system is that while the SAA5050 would expect to be repeatedly fed the same 40 bytes of data for every display scanline of each character row, the ULA would read a different set of 40 bytes for every display scanline in order to produce a full graphics display.

A disadvantage of most adhesives is that most do not form an instantaneous joint, unlike many other joining processes, because the adhesive needs time to cure.

The advantage of this technique is that only a medium-resolution monochromator is necessary for measuring AAS ; however, it has the disadvantage that usually a separate lamp is required for each element that has to be determined.

The advantage of this technique is that total and background absorption are measured with the same emission profile of the same lamp, so that any kind of background, including background with fine structure can be corrected accurately, unless the molecule responsible for the background is also affected by the magnetic field ; the disadvantage is the increased complexity of the spectrometer.

The main disadvantage of abstraction is that highly abstract concepts are more difficult to learn, and require a degree of mathematical maturity and experience before they can be assimilated.

Their main disadvantage is the distortion of the flow itself by the structure supporting the transducers, which requires a correction based upon wind tunnel measurements to minimize the effect.

Another disadvantage is lower accuracy due to precipitation, where rain drops may vary the speed of sound.

A big disadvantage of complex biological sewage treatment systems is that if the house is empty, the sewage system biota may starve to death.

Another hypothesis is that some Mexican tetra randomly don't develop eyes ( which is represented by broken genes in the fish's genome ), and this lack of eyes spreads to the rest of the population despite having no advantage or disadvantage.

If the first theory is correct ( see above ), then the absence of cavalry removed the main Athenian tactical disadvantage, and the threat of being outflanked made it imperative to attack.

While it is possible through skillful play to minimize the house advantage, it is extremely rare that a player has sufficient skill to completely eliminate his inherent long-term disadvantage ( the house edge ( HE ) or house vigorish ) in a casino game.

The player's disadvantage is a result of the casino not paying winning wagers according to the game's " true odds ", which are the payouts that would be expected considering the odds of a wager either winning or losing.

The disadvantage is that working out when a particular date would occur is difficult.

A disadvantage of this approach is that, because of the number of tables involved, it can be difficult for users both to:

Another disadvantage of DDC is that it was developed in the 19th century essentially by one man and was built on a top-down approach to classify all human knowledge, which makes it difficult to adapt to changing fields of knowledge.

However, this approach has been only somewhat more effective than the harmonization approach: while states are not as concerned about having foreign traditions of corporate governance imposed on their companies, which the harmonization approach could well entail ; they also wish to ensure that the EU-wide system would be palatable to the traditions of their national companies, so that they will not be put at a disadvantage compared to the other member states.

Previously, low levels of transfection and expression of the gene held non-viral methods at a disadvantage ; however, recent advances in vector technology have yielded molecules and techniques that approach the transfection efficiencies of viruses.

This approach is simple and modular, but has the disadvantage that the model itself can be expensive to store, and also that it forces a single model to be used for all data being compressed, and so performs poorly on files containing heterogeneous data.

One disadvantage of this approach is that images are sometimes large and unwieldy ; however, debugging an image is often simpler than debugging traditional programs because the runtime state is easier to inspect and modify.

The disadvantage of this approach was that for any given amount of gun power, the shadow mask filtered out the majority of the energy.

An important assumption of this approach is that people tend to respond to subjective states of disadvantage, which may or may not flow from objective physical and social reality.

One disadvantage of this approach is that it requires re-calibration because the precise non-linear voltage needed to correct non-linear movement will change as the piezo ages ( see below ).

The disadvantage of the method is the fact that the approach is quite technical and requires a high level of mathematical knowledge.

However, this approach has the disadvantage of subjectivity.

One disadvantage of this approach is the possibility of decreasing anaerobic contaminant destruction natural attenuation where existing conditions enhance anaerobic bacteria which normally live in the soil prefer a reducing environment.

American Israel Public Affairs Committee ( AIPAC ) Executive Director Howard Kohr replied that an even-handed approach would put Israel at a disadvantage and that it must be the Palestinians who make a positive step forward.

However, this approach also has a disadvantage: because entries are arranged in alphabetical order, so are the code numbers.

Such an approach has the disadvantage of making the learner more subject to the influence of " false friends ".

The disadvantage of this approach is that it is easy to " forget " to change state and end up causing problems, so easy that programmers often saved and restored the complete state before every drawing command, thereby potentially lowering performance.

The fact that carriage wheels, horse hooves and even modern automobiles make a lot of noise when rolling over cobblestone paving might be thought a disadvantage, but it has the advantage of warning pedestrians of their approach.

The supermolecular approach has an important disadvantage in that the final interaction energy is usually much smaller than the total energies from which it is calculated, and therefore contains a much larger relative uncertainty.

It frequently is ambiguous just what type of feedback is involved in an amplifier, and the asymptotic gain approach has the advantage / disadvantage that it works whether or not you understand the circuit.

The disadvantage is that it is a ' data-mining ' approach, i. e. the shape of the deformation prior is unlikely to be meaningful as an explanation of the possible deformations, as it is based on a very high, artificial-and arbitrarily constructed nonlinear latent space.

This approach has the disadvantage that glyphs may lose their definition when rendered at small sizes.

They are not merely asked but actively involved in the planning process …" A disadvantage of this approach is that achieving a shared understanding and commitment to solving a wicked problem is a time-consuming process.

A disadvantage claimed for ISI is that the industries that it creates are inefficient and obsolete as they are not exposed to internationally competitive industries, which constitute their rivals, and that the focus on industrial development impoverishes local commodity producers, who are primarily rural.

Because regular armed forces units do not have the flexibility and independence of small covert cells, many believe that the concept of a powerful occupying force actually creates a disadvantage.

Such conduct can be humiliating and may constitute a health and safety problem ; it is discriminatory when the woman has reasonable ground to believe that her objection would disadvantage her in connection with her employment, including recruitment or promotion, or when it creates a hostile working environment.

It can readily be argued that a process that standardises titles but not the content of the qualification creates a disadvantage for all candidates that take part in studies other than those requiring minimum effort, because their degrees have artificially been set equal to other qualifications that previously would have been judged on their own merits.

This creates a substantial disadvantage for the second player for beginning players, since the second player starts on the right side of the screen.

This is the strongest attachment method, but a disadvantage is that it creates bulk under the legs and inhibits the free swing of the stirrups.

Another way to debate against a disadvantage is an impact turn, in which the affirmative team reads evidence stating that the disadvantages impact would actually be good or that the status quo creates a worse impact.

If there are only weak sanctions against unprincipled behaviour, this creates a setting where opportunist behaviour can flourish, and if the positions of people are very unequal ( in terms of power, wealth, status, knowledge or strength ) the possibility exists that some will take advantage of the disadvantage of others.