Manichaeanism was also supported by Persia at the time, compounding religious dissent with international politics.

Some jurisdictions also permit a verdict to be returned despite the dissent of one, two, or three jurors.

He was also crucially aided by the crippling dissent within the Labor Party in the 1950s and especially by the ALP split of 1954.

Rabin also denied the right of American Jews to object to his plan for peace, calling any dissent " chutzpah ".

However, he was also criticized for heavy repression of dissent, and for promoting nepotism.

One objection states that a democratic republic built on freedom of dissent should not require its citizens to pledge allegiance to it, and that the First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects one's right to refrain from speaking or standing ( also a form of speech ).

" Several thinkers have argued that a healthy society needs not only to protect, but also to encourage dissent.

He also spread dissent between Fëanor and his brothers Fingolfin and Finarfin.

Political dissent was also firmly controlled, most notably in his place of birth, where Charles, assisted by the Duke of Alva, personally suppressed the Revolt of Ghent in mid-February 1540.

Procedural justice also is a major factor that contributes to the expression of employee dissent.

At the same time, dissent against Musar also broke out at the Slobodka Yeshiva.

While governments and church encouraged printing in many ways, which allowed the dissemination of Bibles and government information, works of dissent and criticism could also circulate rapidly.

Barnette overruled a 1940 decision on the same issue, Minersville School District v. Gobitis ( also involving the children of Jehovah's Witnesses ), in which the Court stated that the proper recourse for dissent was to try to change the school policy democratically.

In the 2004 presidential election, Ólafur was re-elected with 67. 5 % of the votes cast ( down from over 95 % in the only other time an incumbent has been contested ), but that election also saw a record number of empty ballots ( 21. 2 %) and an exceptionally low turnout of 63 % ( usually 80 – 90 %), both of which have been interpreted as dissent with the president's decision to not sign the media law.

But though later critics did not wholly dissent from this view, they also discerned the mystical vein in Richardson: " he was ideally equipped to make an ordinary character seem extraordinary or an extraordinary one seem ordinary ".

Justice Stewart also reacted strongly after carefully considering the facts of the case, and wrote a “ dissent ” that would have been the opinion of the court without revisions of Burger ’ s drafts.

* The technology used to record dissent and document opinions opposed to the majority is also useful to notarize bets, predictions and claims.

The plurality also replaced the heightened scrutiny of abortion regulations under Roe, which was standard for fundamental rights in the Court's case law, with a lesser " undue burden " standard previously developed by O ' Connor in her dissent in Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health.

Accepting Shang Yang ’ s earlier emphasis on the standardization of weights and measures, the Qin Shi Huang would also accept Shang Yang ’ s philosophy that no individual in the state should be above the law ( by ensuring harsh punishments for all cases of dissent ) and that families should be divided into smaller households.

He also mentions Harry Blackmun's vote in Gregg v. Georgia that ruled the death penalty constitutional and his later dissent in Callins v. Collins in which he states " from this day forward, I no longer shall tinker with the machinery of death ...

" Consumer advocate Ralph Nader said, " used the word fascism to reflect an authoritarian state of mind that tended to stifle free speech and dissent and also tended to believe that might was right.

The dissent in Palestine was influenced also by the discovery in October 1935 at the port of Jaffa of a large arms shipment destined for the Haganah, sparking Arab fears of a Jewish military takeover of Palestine, Jewish immigration also peaked in 1935, just months before Palestinian Arabs began a full-scale, nation-wide revolt.

On the 18th anniversary of the AMIA bombing in July 2012, WJC President Lauder declared: " The Iranian regime has blood on its hands, not only by suppressing dissent at home but also by sponsoring terrorism world-wide.

Frustrated by the political divisions and protests that characterized the Torres and Ovando years, and, traditionally an enemy of dissent and freedom of speech, Banzer banned all the left-leaning parties, suspended the powerful Central Obrera Boliviana, and closed the nation's universities.

Also, Traynor did not uniformly join all opinions that could be characterized as " liberal " or " progressive " during his time on the Court ; for example, he filed a two-sentence dissent in the landmark case of Dillon v. Legg, 68 Cal.

Strong argument to the contrary also remains as to the merit of the majority opinion that “ personal § 1983 liability for the misapplication of a constitutional standard … would guarantee increased litigation .” In Atwater, the dissent further argued that Atwater could not have been characterized as a possible flight risk by the arresting officer, since she was known to him and was an established member of the community and that respondents failed to substantiate any demonstrable merit for the arrest decision.

Under the 1939 Code this item was permitted to survive a tax-free reorganization in the Stanton Brewery case, but only over the dissent of Judge Learned Hand, who wrote the majority opinion in the Sansome case, a leading case requiring carryover of earnings and profits in a non-taxable reorganization.

While the U. S. Supreme Court majority in 1896 Plessy explicitly upheld only " separate but equal " facilities ( specifically, transportation facilities ), Justice John Marshall Harlan in his dissent protested that the decision was an expression of white supremacy ; he predicted that segregation would " stimulate aggressions … upon the admitted rights of colored citizens ," " arouse race hate " and " perpetuate a feeling of distrust between races.

" The dissent countered that the majority " takes too little account of the profound suffering the crime imposes upon the victims and their loved ones.

The concurrent majority itself was a device without relevance to the protection of dissent, designed to protect a vested interest of considerable power ... it was minority privileges rather than rights that he really proposed to protect .”

Even though the legal effect would be same for a majority rather than unanimous decision, it was felt that it was vital to not have a dissent that could be relied upon by opponents of desegregation as a legitimizing counterargument.

Justice Brennan, author of the majority opinion in Craig v. Boren, provided a brief but notable dissent based solely on Section 2.

Although the elected members of the Legislative Yuan did not have the majority to defeat legislation, they were able to use the Legislature Yuan as a platform to express political dissent.

The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion written by Justice Henry Billings Brown and the dissent written by Justice John Marshall Harlan.

In dissent, Justice Antonin Scalia argued that the Miranda warnings were not constitutionally required, citing a panoply of cases that demonstrated a majority of the then-current court, counting himself, Chief Justice Rehnquist, and Justices Kennedy, O ' Connor, and Thomas, " on record as believing that a violation of Miranda is not a violation of the Constitution.

Justice Stevens, with whom Justices Brennan and Marshall joined in dissent, dissented further from the majority opinion: " the Court orders the dismissal of respondent's complaint even though the State's statute prohibits all sodomy ; even though that prohibition is concededly unconstitutional with respect to heterosexuals ; and even though the State's post hoc explanations for selective application are belied by the State's own actions.

While agreeing with the majority to reverse the State Appeal Court decision, his opinion details his dissent from the majority over the First Amendment issue.

Reed originally planned to write a dissent in Brown, but joined the majority before a decision was issued.

Justice Brandeis and Justice Holmes concurred in the result because of the Fourteenth Amendment questions, but there is no question that the sentiments are a distinct dissent from the views of the prevailing majority and supported the First Amendment.

Liberal Premier Pat Duncan's government was plagued with internal dissent, however, and despite having won an outright majority of seats in the general election, defections and resignations reduced the Liberals to a minority government within two years.

In both cases, William J. Brennan wrote the majority opinion, joined by Thurgood Marshall, Harry Blackmun, Antonin Scalia, and Anthony Kennedy ( Kennedy also authored a separate concurrence in Johnson ), and the dissenters in both cases were then-Chief Justice William Rehnquist ( who authored a dissent in Johnson ), and Justices John Paul Stevens ( who authored dissents in both cases ), Byron White and Sandra Day O ' Connor.

Murphy authored 199 opinions: 131 majority, 68 in dissent.

His dissent asserted that the majority opinion " bristles with hostility to all things religious in public life ".

In his view, “ the Court ’ s decision sent a clear message of finality for any future use of the line item veto .” Kennedy also noted that while the majority relied on a strict interpretation or literal textual reading of the Presentment Clause contained in Article I of the United States Constitution, Justice Scalia, in his dissent, “ stray somewhat from his usual strict constructionist approach ... by stressing that the President ’ s act of cancellation would only occur after satisfaction of the Presentment Clause .”

Thus, while the majority of those who support the current regime may consider criminalisation of politically motivated behaviour an acceptable response when the offender is driven by more extreme political, ideological, religious or other beliefs, there may be a question of the morality of a law which simply criminalises ordinary political dissent.

The opinions of courts varied ; for example, in his dissent from the majority holding that the book was not obscene, Pennsylvania Supreme Court Justice Michael Musmanno wrote Cancer is " not a book.

Stewart voted against the majority in the Colorado and New York cases ; although Justice Tom C. Clark joined his concurrence / dissent, Clark did not join Stewart in voting differently in the Colorado and New York cases.

However, as a member of the U. S. Supreme Court, he penned opinions infused with racist anti-Chinese-American rhetoric, most notably in his majority opinion in The Chinese Exclusion Case, Chae Chan Ping v. United States, 130 U. S. 581 ( 1889 ), and in his dissent in Chew Heong v. United States, 112 U. S. 536 ( 1884 ).