The division of labour was initially discussed by Adam Smith, regarding the manufacture of pins, in his book The Wealth of Nations ( published in 1776 ).

Adam Smith discusses the division of labour in the manufacture of pins at length in his book The Wealth of Nations ( published in 1776 ).

Unlike the Confucians, the Agriculturalists did not believe in the division of labour, arguing instead that the economic policies of a country need to be based upon an egalitarian self sufficiency.

Spencer believed that just as there were many varieties of beetles, respectively modified to existence in a particular place in nature, so too had human society “ spontaneously fallen into division of labour ”.

Unlike the Confucians, the Agriculturalists did not believe in the division of labour, arguing instead that the economic policies of a country need to be based upon an egalitarian self sufficiency.

These are organisations that use coercion to enforce on their members patterns of division of labour aimed at reaching the organisation ’ s goals, which for a variety of reasons may not always be consistent with each member ’ s personal aims.

Historically an increasingly complex division of labour is closely associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and of the complexity of industrialisation processes.

There exist, as yet, few comprehensive studies of the global division of labour ( an intellectual challenge for researchers ), although the ILO and national statistical offices can provide plenty of data on request for those who wish to try.

In Plato's Republic, the origin of the state lies in the natural inequality of humanity, which is embodied in the division of labour.

Xenophon, writing in the fourth century BC, makes a passing reference to division of labour in his ' Cyropaedia ' ( aka Education of Cyrus ).

Among each of these production systems, there may be a corresponding division of labour with different work groups specializing, or correspondingly different types of capital equipment and differentiated land uses.

The aim of a free-trade area is to reduce barriers to exchange so that trade can grow as a result of specialisation, division of labour, and most importantly via comparative advantage.

According to Viktor Ivanovich Rutenburg, " Within the guild itself there was very little division of labour, which tended to operate rather between the guilds.

There is a division of labour into social classes ( relations of production ) based on property ownership where some people live from the labour of others.

The development of agriculture, metallurgy, private property, and the division of labour and resulting dependency on one another, however, led to economic inequality and conflict.

Durkheim identified organic solidarity-based societies as modern societies where there exists a division of labour based on social differentiation that causes alienation.

Durkheim claimed that modern society bases integration on the mutual benefits of the division of labour, but noted that the impersonal character of modern urban life caused alienation and feelings of anomie.

* An extensive division of labour between classes within the organisation ;

Since the division of labour was restricted by the size of the market, he said that countries having access to larger markets would be able to divide labour more efficiently and thereby become more productive.

Critics, such as Jacques Ellul and Timothy Mitchell advocate precautions against the premature embrace of new technologies, raising questions on responsibility and freedom brought by division of labour.

After their victory he gave a speech at Hawarden on 23 September in which he said: " In the common interests of humanity, this remarkable strike and the results of this strike, which have tended somewhat to strengthen the condition of labour in the face of capital, is the record of what we ought to regard as satisfactory, as a real social advance tends to a fair principle of division of the fruits of industry ".

" The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and judgement with which it is any where directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of labour ".

The diversity of systems and phenomena available for study makes condensed matter physics the most active field of contemporary physics: one third of all American physicists identify themselves as condensed matter physicists, and The Division of Condensed Matter Physics ( DCMP ) is the largest division of the American Physical Society.

He makes a sharp division between a “ religionist ” perspective and an “ empiricist ” one.

This makes Horner's method useful for polynomial long division.

The Handbook of Mathematical Logic makes a rough division of contemporary mathematical logic into four areas:

The Brahmaputra River is often considered the natural division between the two subspecies, where it makes a curve around the eastern end of the Himalayas, although some authors suggest A. f. fulgens extends farther eastward, into China.

However, as the division of labor makes the individual seem more important ( a subject that Durkheim treats extensively in his famous Division of Labor in Society ), religious systems increasingly focus on individual salvation and conscience.

Either the fourth-placed Eastern division team or the fifth-placed Western division team, based upon regular season record, also makes the playoffs.

The RUS administrator makes the primary policy and program decisions for the agency and is assisted by a borrower and program support staff that includes a financial services staff, an administrative liaison staff, and a program accounting services division.

However, the size of the division makes such obfuscation rarely necessary.

The division is then done starting from those values so that only a small remainder has to be divided, but the amount of bookkeeping makes this method too slow on most systems.

Pickett continued to command his division ( a division that had been reduced in strength to below that of a brigade ), reporting to Longstreet, but Longstreet makes no mention of Pickett's division in his final report.

This makes Rice codes convenient for use on a computer, since multiplication and division by 2 can be implemented more efficiently in binary arithmetic.

She makes the argument that the difference in speech " reinforces the thematic division between the women's identification with the social group and Richard's individualism ".

The archaeological evidence, combined with the known political division into two kingdoms, makes it likely that the origin of the subkingdoms was the conquest of the western half by the eastern, which would have been the first area settled by the invaders.

While this makes division defined in more cases than usual, subtraction is instead left undefined in many cases, because there are no negative numbers.

The division of comorbidity as per syndromal and nosological principles is mainly preliminary and inaccurate, however it allows us to understand that comorbidity can be connected to a singular cause or common mechanisms of pathogenesis of the conditions, which sometimes explains the similarity in their clinical aspects, which makes it difficult to differentiate between nosologies.

In preparation for cell division, it increases its size and makes a copy of its DNA, which is made during the S phase.

Examples are Numbers 3: 1, where a later ( and incorrect ) chapter division makes this verse a heading for the following chapter instead of interpreting it properly as a colophon or summary for the preceding two chapters, and Genesis 37: 2a, a colophon that concludes the histories ( toledoth ) of Jacob.

This means that there are no pronounced breaks in socioeconomic strata, which makes class division highly subjective and disputable.

This is typically done using coarse wavelength division multiplexing CWDM because the wider 20 nm spacing of the wave bands makes these systems much less susceptible to interference.