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The duke then issued a proclamation called the Brunswick Manifesto, written by the French king's cousin, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, the leader of an émigré corps within the allied army, which declared the Allies ' intent to restore the king to his full powers and to treat any person or town who opposed them as rebels to be condemned to death by martial law.
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duke and then
The Estates of the land then met at Königsberg ( Królewiec ) and took the oath of allegiance to the new duke, who used his full powers to promote the doctrines of Luther.
The duke then set out for the Shrine of Saint James of Compostela, in the company of other pilgrims ; however, he died on Good Friday 9 April 1137.
Séguin, duke of Gascony, was then deposed by Louis in 816, possibly for failing to suppress or collaborating with the Basque revolt south of the western Pyrenees, so sparking off a Basque uprising that was duly put down by the Frankish emperor in Dax.
* While returning from Italy in 1576 Edward de Vere first encountered a cavalry division outside of Paris that was being led by a German duke and then pirates in the English Channel.
To withstand Saxon overlordship Wenceslaus ' father Vratislaus had forged an alliance with the Bavarian duke Arnulf the Bad, then a fierce opponent of King Henry ; however, it became worthless when Arnulf and Henry reconciled at Regensburg in 921.
Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England.
The chronicler also claimed that the duke secured the support of Emperor Henry IV and King Sweyn II of Denmark, but as Henry was still a minor and Sweyn was more likely to support Harold, who could then help Sweyn against the Norwegian king, these claims should be treated with caution.
With the death of duke John I in 1340 Louis inherited Lower Bavaria and then reunited the duchy of Bavaria.
His son Alfonso II married Lucrezia, daughter of grand-duke Cosimo I of Tuscany, then Barbara, sister of the emperor Maximilian II and finally Margherita Gonzaga, daughter of the duke of Mantua.
But at the very start the German Protestant estates declined to send any delegates to a council in Italy, while the duke of Mantua himself set down such large requirements that Paul III first deferred for a year and then discarded the whole project.
The duke then issued on 25 July a proclamation called the Brunswick Manifesto, written by Louis's émigré cousin, the Prince de Condé, declaring the intent of the Austrians and Prussians to restore the king to his full powers and to treat any person or town who opposed them as rebels to be condemned to death by martial law.
His son Alfonso II first married Lucrezia, daughter of grand-duke Cosimo I of Tuscany, then after becoming a widower, Barbara, the sister of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1527 – 1576 ) and finally a third wife, Margherita Gonzaga, daughter of the duke of Mantua.
The last duke, Ercole III, was deposed in 1796 by the French and his two duchies became the Cispadane Republic which one year later was merged into the Cisalpine Republic and then into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy.
" Grand duke " is the traditional translation of the title Velikiy Kniaz ( Великий Князь ), which from the 11th century was at first the title of the leading Prince of Kievan Rus ', then of several princes of the Rus '.
" Hoc vernant lilia corde " ( granted by Louis XII, then duke of Orléans ), meaning " It is by this heart that lilies flourish " or " This heart makes lilies flourish ", referring to the fleur de lys, symbol of the French royal family.
At San Severino, after the victorious campaign, he and the pope jointly invested Ranulf as duke of Apulia ( August 1137 ), and the emperor then retired to Germany.
In time they had increased their power well beyond military matters, and had become the real administrators and executive power of the province, a trend seen in the other gouvernements of France, but particularly acute in Languedoc, where the duke of Montmorency, governor of Languedoc, even openly rebelled against the king, then was defeated and beheaded in Toulouse in 1632 by the order of Richelieu.
Aided by Philip, landgrave of Hesse, and other Protestant princes, he fought a victorious battle against Ferdinand's troops at Lauffen in May 1534, and then by the treaty of Cadan he again became duke, but perforce duke of the duchy as an Austrian fief.
From Florence he went to the court of the duke of Mantua, and then again to Florence.
Initially the coup d ' état of the duke of Anjou was a success, but Catherine de Medici went out of her way to deprive him from any power in France: she sent him with the royal army to remain in front of La Rochelle and then had him elected King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
But then, Jane would agree only to make him Duke of Clarence —" I will not be a duke, I will be King ", Guildford replied.
Thanks to his natural caution and reserve, Condillac's relations with unorthodox philosophers did not injure his career ; and he justified abundantly the choice of the French court in sending him to Parma to educate the orphan duke, then a child of seven years.
These Richard arrests, and eventually beheads, and then has a conversation with the Prince and his younger brother, the duke of York.
The count palatine in Bavaria, an office held by the family of Wittelsbach, became duke of this land, the lower comital title being then merged into the higher ducal one.
duke and issued
It was already called a civitas in a 1288 document issued by the Piast duke Henry V of Legnica, and officially received town privileges in 1333.
But when Charles IX and his mother learned of the involvement of the duke of Anjou, and being so dependent on his support, they issued a second royal declaration, which while asking for an end to the massacres, credited the initiative with the desire of Charles IX to prevent a Protestant plot.
It was issued against the advice of Brunswick himself, whose signature appeared on it ; the duke, a model sovereign in his own principality, sympathised with the constitutional side of the French Revolution, while as a soldier he had no confidence in the success of the enterprise.
Pierre de Polignac, member of a cadet branch of one of France's most renowned ducal families, noble at least since the 12th century, duke in 1780, peer in 1817, and a descendant of Marie Antoinette's favourite, Yolande de Polatron, duchesse de Polignac ), he changed his name and coat of arms to those borne by the House of Grimaldi by Monegasque ordinance issued on 18 March 1920, the day before his wedding.
It was asserted the manifesto was in fact issued against the advice of Brunswick himself ; the duke, a model sovereign in his own principality, sympathized with the constitutional side of the French Revolution, while as a soldier he had no confidence in the success of the enterprise.
Both the duke of Brabant and the count of Flanders issued them and they were sometimes imitated in the North.
The exclusive right of engraving and publishing plates from the pictures in the Düsseldorf gallery was granted him by the duke of Bavaria in 1789, but, after he had issued more than twenty of these plates, the siege of that city by the French put an end to this undertaking and caused him serious financial loss.
However, mining permits were not issued, and the duke decided ‘ to free ’ the poor people of Mexico.
Within a few months, a warrant for his arrest was issued on a charge of uttering false money and he fled abroad again, deserting his wife, to enter the service of the duke of Savoy.
duke and proclamation
As grand duke of Frankfurt he ordered all restrictions on the Jews lifted, resulting in a struggle with the Christian town council that he ended with a 1811 proclamation ending the requirement that Jews live in the ghetto or pay special taxes.
duke and called
Elizabeth called the duke her " frog ", finding him " not so deformed " as she had been led to expect.
It is also possible that the city was named after the tribal duke of the Silesians or after an early ruler of the city called Vratislav.
One of his sons, Henry, sometimes called margrave and duke in Franconia under King Charles the Fat of East Francia, fell fighting against the Normans in 886 ; another, Poppo, was margrave in Thuringia from 880 to 892, when he was deposed by King Charles successor Arnulf of Carinthia.
Throughout, William is described as " dux " ( duke ) whereas Harold, also called dux up to his coronation, is subsequently called " rex " ( king ).
From there they departed to the Duchy of Athens, called by the duke Walter I.
Chinese feudal rulers with power over their particular fiefdoms were called Wang ( 王 ), roughly translated as King, but in fact somewhat amorphous and also readily maps to " duke " in English.
This is called a " double duke ".
Boleslaus I the Cruel, also called Boleslav I () ( – 15 July, 967 or 972 ), was the ruler ( kníže, literally " prince ," but usually translated as " duke ") of Bohemia from 935 to his death.
After this disaster the duke ordered to build a new town at the shore of a small lake called the Zierker See.
After this disaster the duke and his family lived on their hunting lodge at the lake called Zierker See ( Zierk lake ) to the northwest of Strelitz.
Macbeth ( Mac Bethad mac Findláich ) is recorded as his dux, literally duke, but in the context — " dukes of Francia " had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a dux — this suggests that Macbeth was the power behind the throne.
Some other early mentions include one from July 3, 1436, where, in the region of Kotor, a duke bought a girl that is described as: " Bosnian woman, heretic and in Bosnian language called Djevena ".
In 1112 Hermann, son of Hermann, Margrave of Verona ( d. 1074 ) and grandson of Berthold, duke of Carinthia and count of Zähringen, having inherited some of the German estates of his family, called himself Margrave of Baden, and from this time the separate history of Baden dates.
According to Walpole, on 14 February ( St. Valentine's Day ) at a party at Bedford House, the duke declared his desire to marry Elizabeth that night and he called for a local parson to perform the ceremony.
The proposal, in 1821, to purchase the estate of Chambord for the duke of Bordeaux called forth from Courier the Simple Discours de Paul Louis, vigneron de la Chavonnière, one of his best pieces.
According to the last will of Henry IV Probus, duke of Silesia and high-duke of Poland, he inherited in 1290 the provinces of Kraków and Sandomierz ( both were called Lesser Poland ), but soon ceded them to Wenceslaus II, King of Bohemia.
* Przemyśl, a city in south-east Poland, probably established by an unknown duke called Przemysł
Prior to the creation of the Lithuanian state by Mindaugas, lesser members of the nobility were called bajorai ( singular-bajoras ) and greater nobles, kunigai ( singular-kunigas ), from the Old, meaning " king ", or, usually translated as duke,.
His father was attached to the household of the duke of Orléans, and his mother, who was on intimate terms with Anne of Austria, was regularly called upon to amuse Louis XIV.
William VII ( born Peter, Pierre-Guillaume ) ( 1023 – autumn 1058 ), called the Eagle ( Aigret ) or the Bold ( le Hardi ), was the duke of Aquitaine and count of Poitou ( as William V ) between 1039 and his death, following his half-brother Odo.
Jean d ' Arras, perhaps the same, wrote, at the request of John, duke of Berry he says in his introduction, a long prose romance variously called the Roman de Mélusine or the Chronique de Melusine part of Le Noble Hystoire de Lusignan (" The Noble History of the Lusignans "), written in 1392-94.
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