The earliest Greek word for a statue is " delight " ( άγαλμα: agalma ), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision.

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The earliest attested name is the Hittite Assuwa a region in central-western Anatolia which seems to be connected with the Mycenean Greek epithet a-si-wi-ja in Linear B inscriptions found at Pylos.

The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek feminine noun a-re-ka-sa-da-ra ( transliterated as Alexandra ), written in Linear B syllabic script.

" The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek a-re, written in Linear B syllabic script.

The earliest attested form of the name is the Mycenaean Greek a-re-ka-sa-da-ra, written in Linear B syllabic script.

While connection with Anatolian names has been suggested, the earliest attested forms of the name Artemis are the Mycenaean Greek a-te-mi-to and a-ti-mi-te, written in Linear B at Pylos.

The earliest known settlement at this location was the Ancient Greek city of Cius, which Philip V of Macedon granted to Prusias, the King of Bithynia, in 202 BC.

" The earliest known use of the Greek word symphonia, dates back to Pythagoras, born in the 6th century BCE, who has used the term.

" The earliest known use of the Greek word symphonia, dates back to Pythagoras, born in the 6th century BCE, who has used the term.

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

The earliest bestiary in the form in which it was later popularized was an anonymous 2nd century Greek volume called the Physiologus, which itself summarized ancient knowledge and wisdom about animals in the writings of classical authors such as Aristotle's Historia Animalium and various works by Herodotus, Pliny the Elder, Solinus, Aelian and other naturalists.

The earliest attested form of the word κύμινον ( kuminon ) is the Mycenaean Greek ku-mi-no, written in Linear B syllabic script.

The earliest mention of the root " ceram -" is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we, " workers of ceramics ", written in Linear b syllabic script.

The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek se-ri-no, written in Linear B syllabic script.

The earliest recorded use of the terms Christianity ( Greek ) and Catholic ( Greek ), dates to this period, the 2nd century, attributed to Ignatius of Antioch c. 107.

The earliest reasonably reliable date for the crossbow in the Greek world is from the 5th century BC.

The earliest attested form of Demeter's name is Da-ma-te, written in Linear B ( Mycenean Greek ).

The Greek scholar Heron of Alexandria created the earliest known automatic door in the 1st century CE during the era of Roman Egypt.

The earliest attested form of the word is the Mycenaean Greek e-re-pa-to, written in Linear B syllabic script.

* Optics is the earliest surviving Greek treatise on perspective.

Eucharist: the Greek noun εὐχαριστία ( eucharistia ), meaning " thanksgiving ", is not used in the New Testament as a name for the rite ; however, the related verb is found in New Testament texts concerning the Last Supper, including the earliest:

Its earliest members included noted scientists like William Crookes, and philosophers such as Henry Sidgwick and William James.

Throughout European history, philosophers such as Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas, among others, contemplated the possibility that souls exist in animals, plants, and people ; however, the currently accepted definition of animism was only developed in the 19th century by Sir Edward Tylor, who created it as " one of anthropology's earliest concepts, if not the first ".

Some of the earliest recorded speculations linked mind ( sometimes described as identical with soul or spirit ) to theories concerning both life after death, and cosmological and natural order, for example in the doctrines of Zoroaster, the Buddha, Plato, Aristotle, and other ancient Greek, Indian and, later, Islamic and medieval European philosophers.

From the 6th century BCE, the pre-Socratic Greek philosophers developed the earliest known philosophical models of the universe.

The earliest major philosophers to publish in English, such as Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke also routinely wrote in Latin and French, and compared their terms to Greek, treating the words " logos ", " ratio ", " raison " and " reason " as inter-changeable.

The issue of dealing with anger has been written about since the times of the earliest philosophers, but modern psychologists, in contrast to earlier writers, have also pointed out the possible harmful effects of suppressing anger.

One of the earliest western philosophers to consider nothing as a concept was Parmenides ( 5th century BC ) who was a Greek philosopher of the monist school.

Plato was one of the earliest philosophers to provide a detailed discussion of ideas.

Other notable philosophers of the Golden Age included Anaxagoras ; Democritus ( who first inquired as to what substance lies within all matter, the earliest known proposal of what is now called the atom or its sub-units ); Empedocles ; Hippias ; Isocrates ; Parmenides ; Heraclitus ; and Protagoras.

The Arab Islamic philosophers, Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) and Ibn al-Nafis, were pioneers of the philosophical novel as they wrote the earliest novels dealing with philosophical fiction.

While various philosophers had influenced Christendom since its earliest times, in Western Europe Aristotle became " the Philosopher " under the influence of the Spanish Moslem philosopher Averroes.

They have not only turned away from those who from earliest time have been thought of as divine among all Greeks and barbarians ... but by emperors, law-givers and philosophers — all of a given mind.

Whereas animism tends to view life as taking the form of discrete spirits, and panpsychism tends to refer to strictly philosophical views like that of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, hylozoism refers largely to views such as those of the earliest Greek philosophers ( 6th and 5th centuries BC ), who treated the magnet as alive because of its attractive powers ( Thales ), or air as divine ( Anaximenes ), perhaps because of its apparently spontaneous power of movement, or because of its role as essential for life in animals.

The names of the earliest of these philosophers is only known through Ramanuja's Veda artha Sangraha.

His Vitae Germanorum philosophorum ( Lives of German philosophers ) of 1615 contains one of the earliest Nicolaus Copernicus biographies.

Plato is among the earliest philosophers to have regarded the universe as an intelligent living being ( see Timaeus ).

This pattern of debate is found among the earliest Greek philosophers, known as the pre-Socratics, who provided alternative answers to the same question found in the myths of their neighbors: " How did the ordered cosmos in which we live come to be?

As the earliest philosophers noted, out of nothing comes nothing ( ex nihilo, nihil fit ).

This dialect includes also the earliest Greek prose, that of Heraclitus and Ionic philosophers, Hecataeus and logographers, Herodotus, Democritus, and Hippocrates.

He was among the earliest of the Jewish Alexandrian philosophers whose aim was to reconcile and identify Greek philosophical conceptions with the Jewish religion.