Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.

The oldest known caecilian is Eocaecilia micropodia, also from Arizona, while the earliest salamander is Beiyanerpeton jianpingensis from the Late Jurassic of northeastern China.

The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.

The earliest known alphabet in the wider sense is the Wadi el-Hol script, believed to be an abjad, which through its successor Phoenician is the ancestor of modern alphabets, including Arabic, Greek, Latin ( via the Old Italic alphabet ), Cyrillic ( via the Greek alphabet ) and Hebrew ( via Aramaic ).

The earliest known texts in a Turkic language are the Orkhon inscriptions, of which the earliest dates from around 720 AD and the latest from 735 AD ( Miller 1971: 3 ).

The earliest Mongolic language of which we have written evidence is known as Middle Mongol.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

The earliest known record of argot was in a 1628 document.

The earliest known Christian monastic communities ( see Monasticism ) consisted of groups of cells or huts collected about a common center, which was usually the house of some hermit or anchorite famous for holiness or singular asceticism, but without any attempt at orderly arrangement.

This violin, now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, may have been part of a set made for the marriage of Philip II of Spain to Elisabeth of Valois in 1559, which would make it one of the earliest known violins in existence.

The earliest known sound recording of Advance Australia Fair appears in " The Landing of the Australian Troops in Egypt ", circa 1916, a short commercial recording dramatising arrival of the Australian troops in Egypt en route to Gallipoli.

On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as " Annsarbour "; this represents the earliest known use of the town's name.

The earliest known autobiography in English is the early 15th-century Booke of Margery Kempe, describing among other things her pilgrimage to the Holy Land and visit to Rome.

The earliest known Christian image of an angel, in the Cubicolo dell ' Annunziazione in the Catacomb of Priscilla, which is dated to the middle of the third century, is without wings.

The earliest known representation of angels with wings is on what is called the Prince's Sarcophagus, discovered at Sarigüzel, near Istanbul, in the 1930s, and attributed to the time of Theodosius I ( 379-395 ).

Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music.

" Paddy on the Railway " is attested as a chanty in the earliest known published work to use the word " chanty ," G. E.

The earliest known personification of what would become the United States was " Columbia " who first appeared in 1738 and sometimes was associated with Liberty.

From the time that the earliest English-speaking settlers arrived, the area has also been known as The Forks, because it is situated at the confluence of the north and south branches of the Kalamazoo River.

The earliest known date for a simple glue is 200, 000 BC and for a compound glue 70, 000 BC.

The earliest known member of the house, Esiko, Count of Ballenstedt, first appears in a document of 1036, and is assumed to have been a grandson ( through his mother ) of Odo I, Margrave of the Saxon Ostmark.

The earliest record of a settlement at Ajaccio having a name ancestral to its name is the exhortation in Epistle 77 written in 601 CE of Gregory the great to the Defensor Boniface, one of two known rectors of the early Corsican church, not to leave Aleria and Adjacium without bishops.

The earliest known literary use of the word assassination is in Macbeth by William Shakespeare ( 1605 ).

One of the earliest examples is found in the slow movement of Vivaldi's violin concerto in D, RV 208 which is marked ' Recitative ', although it is perhaps more virtuosic and flashy than most operatic recitative.

Albert Rice has identified a work by Giuseppe Antonio Paganelli as possibly the earliest known concerto for solo clarinet ; its score appears to be titled " Concerto per Clareto " and may date from 1733.

Barbirolli himself had an association with the concerto from its first days: he was a member of the cello section of the orchestra at its 1919 premiere ; and he was the soloist at one of its earliest performances, with the Bournemouth Municipal Orchestra under Sir Dan Godfrey.

Fing, a lean, chiseled, impeccable gentleman of the old school who was once mistaken on the street for Sir Cedric Hardwicke, is responsible for the rediscovery of Verdi's earliest, most raucous opera, Nabisco, a sumptuous bout-de-souffle with a haunting leitmotiv that struck me as being highly reminiscent of the Mudugno version of `` Volare ''.

Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.

The pastor writes a personal letter to each individual, expressing his joy over the decision, assuring him of a pastoral call at the earliest convenient time, and outlining the plan for membership preparation classes and Membership Sunday.

The earliest Greek word for a statue is " delight " ( άγαλμα: agalma ), and the sculptors tried to create forms which would inspire such guiding vision.

The earliest archaeological evidence for the use of the Greek abacus dates to the 5th century BC.

The earliest Para-Mongolic text is the Memorial for Yelu Yanning, written in the Khitan Large Script and dated to 986 AD.

Eastern Anatolia, along side Mesopotamia and the Levant, is also a heart region for the Neolithic revolution, one of the earliest areas in which humans domesticated plants and animals.

One of the earliest examples of almost modern factory layout, designed for easy material handling, was the Bridgewater Foundry.

His earliest years were passed in the monastery of Siresa, learning to read and write and to practice the military arts until the tuition of Lope Garcés the Pilgrim, who was repaid for his services by his former charge with the county of Pedrola when Alfonso came to the throne.

* Lake, Fred & Wright, Hal ( 1974 ) A Bibliography of Archery: an indexed catalogue of 5, 000 articles, books, films, manuscripts, periodicals and theses on the use of the bow for hunting, war, and recreation, from the earliest times to the present day.

The earliest high-level programming languages, including FORTRAN ( 1957 ), COBOL ( 1960 ), and ALGOL 60 ( 1960 ), had support for multi-dimensional arrays, and so has C ( 1972 ).

Leonardo studied the flight of birds in developing engineering schematics for some of the earliest flying machines in the late fifteenth century.

While there are many competing claims for the earliest powered, heavier-than-air flight, the most widely-accepted date is December 17, 1903 by the Wright brothers.

According to Richard I. Pervo, " Townsend's methodologically adventurous but ultimately cautious essay is another valuable lesson in the danger of establishing the date of Acts – or any work – by arguing for the earliest possible time of origin.

Celsius conducted many geographical measurements for the Swedish General map, and was one of earliest to note that much of Scandinavia is slowly rising above sea level, a continuous process which has been occurring since the melting of the ice from the latest ice age.

The Chāndogya Upaniṣad, dated to the 8th or 7th century BCE, one of the oldest Upanishads, has the earliest evidence for the use of the word ahimsa in the sense familiar in Hinduism ( a code of conduct ).

It was published in Des Moines, Iowa, and was the earliest American mathematics journal to be published continuously for more than a year or two.

" The contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva, which is also the earliest known Mahāyāna definition.

The earliest writings of the Apostolic Fathers, the Didache and the First Epistle of Clement for example, show the church used two terms for local church offices — presbyters ( seen by many as an interchangeable term with episcopos or overseer ) and deacon.