Various atoms and molecules as depicted in John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy ( 1808 ), one of the earliest scientific works on atomic theory

Some of the earliest attempts to apply scientific methods to the study of phenomena relating to an afterlife were conducted by this organization.

The earliest pioneers of chemistry and the scientific method, were medieval Arab and Persian scholars.

He presented his rational and scientific arguments in the form of Arabic fiction, hence his Theologus Autodidactus may be considered amongst the earliest science fiction work.

His earliest scientific work is related to spinels and other minerals.

Christiaan Huygens ( 1657 ) gave the earliest known scientific treatment of the subject.

One of the earliest voyages of scientific exploration was organized by Spain in the Malaspina Expedition of 1789-1794.

Cros was a poet of meager means, not in a position to pay a machinist to build a working model, and largely content to bequeath his ideas to the public domain free of charge and let others reduce them to practice, but after the earliest reports of Edison's presumably independent invention crossed the Atlantic he had his sealed letter of April 30 opened and read at the December 3, 1877 meeting of the French Academy of Sciences, claiming due scientific credit for priority of conception.

He is sometimes credited, mainly starting in the 19th century, as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Aristotle and later pseudo-Aristotelian works, like the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen.

The earliest scientific paper recorded in the MEDLINE database as containing the specific term signal transduction was published in 1972.

Although this concept of the circulatory system is greatly flawed, it represents one of the earliest accounts of scientific thought.

The earliest mention of a confirmed ALC / domestic cross was in 1934 in a Belgian scientific journal, and in 1941, a Japanese cat publication printed an article about one that was kept as a pet.

The English physician Sir Thomas Browne ( 1605 – 82 ) was one of the earliest scientists to adhere to the scientific empiricism of the Baconian method.

The earliest scientific surveys in France were called the Cassini maps after the family who produced them over four generations.

Astronomical photography is one of the earliest types of scientific photography and almost from its inception it diversified into subdisciplines that each have a specific goal including star cartography, astrometry, stellar classification, photometry, spectroscopy, polarimetry, and the discovery of astronomical objects such as asteroids, meteors, comets, variable stars, novae, and even unknown planets.

His scientific interests are attested by his letter to Hypatia, in which occurs the earliest known reference to a hydrometer, and by a work on alchemy in the form of a commentary on pseudo-Democritus.

The discipline of documentation science, which marks the earliest theoretical foundations of modern information science, emerged in the late part of the 19th Century in Europe together with several more scientific indexes whose purpose was to organize scholarly literature.

A brief tract on comic metres ( De comicis dimensionibus ) and a work De causis linguae Latinae ( Lyon, 1540 ; Geneva, 1580 ), which was the earliest Latin grammar founded on scientific principles and following a scientific method, were his only other purely literary works published in his lifetime.

He presented his rational and scientific arguments in the form of Arabic fiction, hence his Theologus Autodidactus may be considered the earliest science fiction work.

Notably, his efforts represent one of the earliest attempts to combine the scientific understanding and reasoning of the West with the Buddhist religion of the East.

The earliest usage of the term ' scientific romance ' is thought to be in 1845, by critics describing Robert Chambers ' Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, a speculative natural history published in 1844, and was used again in 1851 by the Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal and Literary Review in reference to Thoman Hunt's Panthea, or the Spirit of Nature.

One of the earliest writers to be described in this way was French astronomer and writer Camille Flammarion, whose Recits de l ' infini and La fin du monde have both been described as scientific romances.

Walter Cannon and Hans Selye used animal studies to establish the earliest scientific basis for the study of stress.

The earliest scientific observation and study dates to the 1880s ; the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread-out over the next 70 years.

In dealing with ' The Sorcerer ", the earliest evidence claimed, Murray based her observations on a drawing by Henri Breuil, which modern scholars such as Ronald Hutton claim is inaccurate.

In 1673, his earliest observations were published by the Royal Society in its journal: Philosophical Transactions.

He built some of the earliest Gregorian telescopes, observed the rotations of Mars and Jupiter and, based on his observations of fossils, was an early proponent of biological evolution.

Linguists ' observations of Old Malay ( sanscritised ), Old Javanese ( sanscritised ) and Old Bugis borrowings in the initial Proto-SEB languages, indicate that the first Hova waves came probably in the 8th century at the earliest.

One of the earliest observations of species in Araceae was conducted by Theophrastus in his work Enquiry into Plants.

* 2nd millennium BC – earliest possible date for the composition of the Babylonian Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, a 7th century BC copy of a list of observations of the motions of the planet Venus, and the oldest planetary table currently known.

* The Chinese astronomer Gan De from the State of Qi reportedly discovers the moon Ganymede, belonging to Jupiter, and makes the earliest known sunspot observations.

The earliest observations about the language were published by P. S. Pallas in 1788 in a travel diary ( Путешествия по разным провинциям Русского Государства Puteshestviya po raznim provintsiyam Russkogo Gosudarstva ).

Rudolf Wolf compiled and studied these and other observations, reconstructing the cycle back to 1745, eventually pushing these reconstructions to the earliest observations of sunspots by Galileo and contemporaries in the early seventeenth century.

The earliest reported observations of pollen under a microscope are likely to have been in the 1640s by the English botanist Nehemiah Grew who described pollen, the stamen and successfully predicted that pollen was required for successful reproduction in plants.

The observations helped to verify and refine the earliest climate models, and are still making important contributions to the study of climate change.

Spondylus gaederopus: Some observations on the earliest European long distance exchange system.

His meteorological observations Upminster ( in the Transactions of the Royal Society ) are amongst the earliest series in England.

Pallas was the earliest scholar to publish observations about the Ket language in a travel diary.

The earliest version of the model ( observations, feelings, and action-oriented wants ) was part of a training manual Rosenberg prepared in 1972.

McMillan's observations of Bunde Glacier, in northwest Axel Heiberg Island, are the earliest glaciological observations on the ground to have found their way into a scientific publication.

Prior to these observations, NGC 7027 was thought to be a proto-planetary nebula with the central star too cool to ionize any of the gas, but it is now known to be a planetary nebula in the earliest stage of its development.

The great problem with DIBs, apparent from the earliest observations, was that their central wavelengths did not correspond with any known spectral lines of any ion or molecule, and so the material which was responsible for the absorption could not be identified.

First we wanted to extend the range of our observations far back in time to the earliest days of the Universe, and this required a large increase in both sensitivity and resolution.

* 28 BC-May 10, Chinese imperial history book, Book of Han, makes earliest known dated record of sunspots ; systematic Chinese observations of sunspots continue thereafter.

Paris was a medical researcher of some distinction, for example making one of the earliest observations of occupational causes of cancer when, in 1822, he recognised that their exposure to arsenic fumes might be contributing to the unusually high rate of scrotal skin cancer among men working in copper-smelting in Cornwall and Wales ( his conclusions on this subject are included in a book that is also a visitor's guide to West Cornwall ).

Using submillimetre observations, astronomers examine molecular clouds and dark cloud cores with a goal of clarifying the process of star formation from earliest collapse to stellar birth.