* Shvetashvatara — Author of earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism.

The earliest textual evidence of the handheld crossbow used in battle dates to the 4th century BC.

The textual variation among manuscript copies of books in the New Testament prompted attempts to discern the earliest form of text already in antiquity ( e. g., by the 3rd century Christian author Origen ).

This was the beginning of modern New Testament textual criticism, which over subsequent centuries would increasingly incorporate more and more manuscripts, in more languages ( i. e., versions of the New Testament ), as well as citations of the New Testament by ancient authors and the New Testament text in lectionaries in order to reconstruct the earliest recoverable form of the New Testament text and the history of changes to it.

* The earliest textual reference is made to Gypsies working as musicians in Constantinople.

The higher the volume of the earliest texts ( and their parallels to each other ), the greater the textual reliability and the less chance that the transcript's content has been changed over the years.

The majority of textual critical scholars since the late 19th Century, have adopted an eclectic approach to the Greek New Testament ; with the most weight given to the earliest extant manuscripts which tend mainly to be Alexandrian in character ; the resulting eclectic Greek text departing from the Textus Receptus in around 6, 000 readings.

Her use of a medieval Italian document is described as " one of the earliest uses of textual sources by field archaeologists.

The earliest textual evidence of " Mahāyāna " comes from sūtras originating around the beginning of the common era.

Although the earliest extant Chinese maps date to the 4th century BC, and tujing since the Qin ( 221 – 206 BC ) or Han dynasties, this was the first known instance in China when the textual information of tujing became the primary element over the drawn illustrations.

Some other authors have suggested that there are many similarities between the Kanun and the Manusmṛti, the earliest work of the Dharmaśāstra textual tradition of Hinduism, which indicate a common origin.

The first Scriptural reference to Urim and Thummim is the description in the Book of Exodus concerning the high priest's vestments ; the chronologically earliest passage mentioning them, according to textual scholars, is in the Book of Hosea, where it is implied, by reference to the Ephod, that the Urim and Thummim were fundamental elements in the popular form of the Israelite religion, in the mid 8th century BC.

With textual variants, language such as “ the earliest and best manuscripts omit ...” or “ most manuscripts add ...” is avoided.

Even among the earliest manuscripts a large number of textual variants, such as the so-called ' First Variant ', can be discerned.

The earliest adventure games were textual, then a hybrid of visual display with textual input, then a " point-n-click " visual interface.

The earliest textual reference to the term " Wokou " as a Japanese invader comes from the Korean Gwanggaeto Stele erected in 414.

Manusmriti is considered by some Hindus to be the law laid down for Hindus and is seen as the most important and earliest metrical work of the Dharmaśāstra textual tradition of Hinduism.

( written also as Manusmriti or Manusmruti ) (), also known as Mānava-Dharmaśāstra (), is the most important and earliest metrical work of the Dharmaśāstra textual tradition of ancient Vedic Sanatana Dharma, presently called Hinduism.

The earliest textual references to Japan are in Chinese classic texts.

Based on the theories of David Dorsey, while considering the lack of punctuation and spaces in the earliest textual sources of the New Testament, David Buckwalter proposes that the chiastic structure of the New Testament is a form of punctuation keyed on the words used in the original Greek texts.

It has been speculated, on the basis of textual analysis concerning features of dialect and Greek loan words, that the Coptic text contained in the codex may be a translation from an older Greek manuscript dating, at the earliest, to approximately AD 130 – 180.

As Clayborne Carson, director of the King Papers Project at Stanford University, has written, " instances of textual appropriation can be seen in his earliest extant writings as well as his dissertation.

Nevertheless, Rigvedic data must be used, cautiously, as they are the earliest available textual evidence from India.

The term epískopos was not from the earliest times clearly distinguished from the term presbýteros (" elder ", " senior ", nowadays used to signify a priest ), but the term was already clearly used in the sense of the order or office of bishop, distinct from that of priest in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch ( died c. 108 ), and sources from the middle of the 2nd century undoubtedly set forth that all the chief centres of Christianity recognized and had the office of bishop, using a form of organization that remained universal until the Protestant Reformation.

RODS is designed to draw collect data from many data sources and use them to perform signal detection, that is, to detect a possible bioterrorism event at the earliest possible moment.

The earliest sources do not use the term " West Saxon ".

The earliest source that indisputably links the red flag with a white cross to a Danish King, and to the realm itself, is found in a Dutch armorial, the " Gelre Armorial " ( Dutch: Wapenboek Gelre ), written between 1340 and 1370 ( some sources say 1378 or 1386 ).

Charters were documents drawn up to record grants of land by kings to their followers or to the church, and they provide some of the earliest documentary sources in England.

The letter is quoted or mentioned by the earliest of sources, and is included in every ancient canon, including that of Marcion.

Chess historian Edward Winter has questioned this, stating that the earliest known sources that support this story are an article by Robert Lewis Taylor in the June 15, 1940, issue of The New Yorker and Marshall's autobiography My 50 Years of Chess ( 1942 ).

Early editors of Shakespeare's works, beginning with Nicholas Rowe ( 1709 ) and Lewis Theobald ( 1733 ), combined material from the two earliest sources of Hamlet available at the time, Q2 and F1.

Adams sat for the earliest confirmed photograph still in existence of a U. S. president in 1843, although other sources contend that William Henry Harrison had posed even earlier for his portrait, in 1841.

Ribbentrop told Hitler that his sources showed that Britain would only be militarily prepared to take on Germany at the earliest in 1940 or more probably 1941, so this could only mean that the British were bluffing.

The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources.

On the other, his warband in the earliest sources includes former pagan gods, and his wife and his possessions are clearly Otherworldly in origin.

In particular, Arthur features in a number of well-known vitae (" Lives ") of post-Roman saints, none of which are now generally considered to be reliable historical sources ( the earliest probably dates from the 11th century ).

In Europe, the earliest sources of martial arts traditions date to Classical Antiquity.

The earliest sources for the Morrígan are glosses in Latin manuscripts, and glossaries ( collections of glosses ).

The second most popular theory about the origin and sense of Mieszko's name can be traced to the very old legend, firstly described by Gallus Anonymus, according to which Mesco ( the Latinized form used by the earliest sources ) was blind during his first seven years of life.

The fact that theirs are the earliest attested names of Israelite kings and that the kingdom of Israel became associated with that of the former does not, however, establish that either was considered by these sources to actually be the first king of Israel.

In the earliest sources, Robin Hood is a yeoman, but he was often later portrayed as an aristocrat wrongfully dispossessed of his lands and made into an outlaw by an unscrupulous sheriff.

" may be further understood not only in the spiritual understandings of many in Indonesia but further in the light of numerous representations of the rooster or cock as a religious vessel found in the Catacombs from the earliest period including a painting from the Catacomb of St. Priscilla ( mentioned in all the ancient liturgical sources and known as the " Queen of the Catacombs " in antiquity ) reproduced in Giovanni Gaetano Bottari's folio of 1754, where the Good Shepherd is depicted as feeding the lambs, with a crowing cock on His right and left hand.

Northern Sudan's earliest historical record comes from Egyptian sources, which described the land upstream from the First Cataract, called Kush, as " wretched.

The earliest associations of 1 November with All Saints are thus found in 8th century sources of Northwestern Europe ( Anglo-Saxon and German ), while the earliest references to the Irish festival of Samhain are found in sources of Irish mythology compiled in the 10th century and later.

The earliest mentioning of Dilmun is Mesopotamian sources was in the Early Dynastic III Period, when Ur-Nanshe ( circa 2520 BC ) proclaimed that ;