The earliest vihuelas and viols, both plucked and bowed, all had sharp cuts to their waists, similar to the profile of a modern violin.

The earliest viols had flat, glued-down bridges just like their plucked counterpart vihuelas.

The earliest of viols would also have had the ends of their fretboards flat on the deck, level with or resting upon the top or sound board.

The 34 arrows, denoting onset age plus completion age deviations, have been arrayed in an Onset sequence which begins with girl 18 who had the earliest Onset of the 34 girls.

Thus, while it remains possible that the Babylonians and/or the Pythagoreans may perhaps have had the magic square of three before the Chinese did, more definite evidence will have to turn up from the Middle East or the Classical World before China can lose her claim to the earliest known magic square by more than a thousand years.

Such an analysis speedily reveals why the middle number of the Lo Shu, 5, was so vitally significant for the Chinese ever since the earliest hints that they had a knowledge of this diagram.

In her earliest depictions she is accompanied by the " Mister of the animals ", a male god of hunting who had the bow as his attribute.

It is unknown whether the earliest alphabets had a defined sequence.

The earliest recorded use of this term in English is in Thomas Hacket's 1568 translation of André Thévet's book on France Antarctique ; Thévet himself had referred to the natives as Ameriques.

The Germanics were in Germany and Scandinavia during earliest mention of them in Roman literature, long before the Romans had even conquered Italy.

One tablet from this period reads, "( From the earliest days ) no-one had made a statue of lead, ( but ) Rimush king of Kish, had a statue of himself made of lead.

The earliest documented event in Alaric's reign concerned providing refuge to Syagrius, the former ruler of the Domain of Soissons ( in what is now north western France ) who had been defeated by Clovis I King of the Franks.

The earliest high-level programming languages, including FORTRAN ( 1957 ), COBOL ( 1960 ), and ALGOL 60 ( 1960 ), had support for multi-dimensional arrays, and so has C ( 1972 ).

This had been the most important writing that Alexander had claimed, and had been the earliest in genre.

The earlier date, 293, is sometimes assigned and apparently supported by the authority of a " Coptic Fragment " ( published by Dr. O. von Lemm among the Mémoires de l ' académie impériale des sciences de S. Péterbourg, 1888 ) and corroborated by the maturity revealed in his two earliest treatises Contra Gentes ( Against the Heathens ) and De Incarnatione ( On the Incarnation ), which were admittedly written about the year 318 before Arianism had begun to make itself felt, as those writings do not show an awareness of Arianism.

Sapir's earliest writings had espoused views of the relation between thought and language stemming from the Humboldtian tradition he acquired through Franz Boas, which regarded language as the historical embodiment of volksgeist, or ethnic world view.

Marlborough wrote an appeal to the Duke of Württemberg, the commander of the Danish contingent – " I send you this express to request your Highness to bring forward by a double march your cavalry so as to join us at the earliest moment …" Additionally, the King in Prussia, Frederick I, had kept his troops in quarters behind the Rhine while his personal disputes with Vienna and the States-General at The Hague remained unresolved.

The term epískopos was not from the earliest times clearly distinguished from the term presbýteros (" elder ", " senior ", nowadays used to signify a priest ), but the term was already clearly used in the sense of the order or office of bishop, distinct from that of priest in the writings of Ignatius of Antioch ( died c. 108 ), and sources from the middle of the 2nd century undoubtedly set forth that all the chief centres of Christianity recognized and had the office of bishop, using a form of organization that remained universal until the Protestant Reformation.

The earliest organization of the Church in Jerusalem was according to most scholars similar to that of Jewish synagogues, but it had a council or college of ordained presbyters ( elders, priests ).

This discovery has shed much light on the differences between the two versions ; while it was previously maintained that the Greek Septuagint ( the version used by the earliest Christians ) was only a poor translation, professor Emanuel Tov, senior editor of the Dead Sea Scrolls ' publication, wrote that the Masoretic edition either represents a substantial rewriting of the original Hebrew, or there had previously been two different versions of the text.

( The latter prohibition took effect 1 January 1808, the earliest date on which Congress had the power to do so under Article I, Section 9 of the United States Constitution.

The first Persian invasion of Greece had its immediate roots in the Ionian Revolt, the earliest phase of the Greco-Persian Wars.

Traditionally, the extinct family Viverravidae ( viverravids ) had been thought to be the earliest carnivorans, with fossil records first appearing in the Paleocene of North America about 60 mya, but recently described evidence from cranial morphology now places them outside the order Carnivora.

Skeat “… in at least three cases and probably in all, in the form of codices " and he theorized that this form of notebook was invented in Rome and then “… must have spread rapidly to the Near East …” In his discussion of one of the earliest pagan parchment codices to survive from Oxyrhynchus in Egypt, Eric Turner seems to challenge Skeat ’ s notion when stating “… its mere existence is evidence that this book form had a prehistory ” and that “ early experiments with this book form may well have taken place outside of Egypt .” Early codices of parchment or papyrus appear to have been widely used as personal notebooks, for instance in recording copies of letters sent ( Cicero Fam.

Although the castrato ( or musico ) predates opera, there is some evidence that castrati had parts in the earliest operas.

The earliest ceramics were pottery objects or 27, 000 year old figurines made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials, hardened in fire.

All but the very earliest 1541s can use either the Alps or Newtronics mechanism.

In ancient Japan, the earliest titles for the sovereign were either ヤマト大王 / 大君 ( yamato ōkimi, Grand King of Yamato ), 倭王 / 倭国王 ( waō / wakokuō, King of Wa, used externally ), or 治天下大王 ( amenoshita shiroshimesu ōkimi, Grand King who rules all under heaven, used internally ).

Bipedalism is the basic adaption of the Hominin line, and the earliest bipedal Hominini is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later.

The earliest bipedal Hominin is considered to be either Sahelanthropus or Orrorin, with Ardipithecus, a full bipedal, coming somewhat later.

The earliest had either plaited or chequered pattern, with narrow strips sewn together .< Ref > M. Magnusson. P90. Tempus. 2003 </ ref >

The fact that theirs are the earliest attested names of Israelite kings and that the kingdom of Israel became associated with that of the former does not, however, establish that either was considered by these sources to actually be the first king of Israel.

In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s.

Snakes are thought to have evolved from either burrowing or aquatic lizards during the mid-Cretaceous period, and the earliest known fossils date to around 112 Ma ago.

As first mentioned in regard to earliest ZBD closed-core transformers, transformers are generally considered to be either core form or shell form in design depending on the type of magnetic circuit used in winding construction ( see image ).

In 1758, British General James Wolfe made the earliest recorded use of the word Yankee to refer to people from what was to become the US, referring to the New England soldiers under his command as Yankees: " I can afford you two companies of Yankees, and the more because they are better for ranging and scouting than either work or vigilance.

The earliest chapters were possibly written for a private patron either during her marriage or shortly after her husband's death.

The first known built horseshoe arches are known from Aksum ( modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea ) from around the 3rd – 4th century, around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type of arch.

The earliest PALs were little more than locks introduced into the control and firing systems of a nuclear weapon, that would inhibit either the detonation, or the removal of safety features of the weapon.

The earliest electronic document management ( EDM ) systems managed either proprietary file types, or a limited number of file formats.

The earliest recorded name for the town was ' Aberbrothock ', a reference to the Brothock Burn which runs through the town, the prefix ' Aber ' coming either from the Gaelic ' Obair ', or the earlier term ' Aber ' which could be either Goidelic or Brythonic for ' river mouth '.

The Greeks, moreover, will admit that even amongst those who are considered to be most largely endowed with wisdom, good fortune has had much to do, as in the choice of teachers of one kind rather than another, and in meeting with a better class of instructors ( there being teachers who taught the most opposite doctrines ), and in being brought up in better circumstances ; for the bringing up of many has been amid surroundings of such a kind, that they were prevented from ever receiving any idea of better things, but constantly passed their life, from their earliest youth, either as the favourites of licentious men or of tyrants, or in some other wretched condition which forbade the soul to look upwards.

Otherwise, in Rome and throughout Italy, as at her ancient sanctuaries of Henna and Catena, Ceres ' ritus graecus and her joint cult with Proserpina were invariably led by female sacerdotes, drawn from women of local and Roman elites: Cicero notes that once the new cult had been founded, its earliest priestesses " generally were either from Naples or Velia ", cities allied or federated to Rome.

Depending on local climate, the transfer of power between the winter goddess and the summer goddess is celebrated any time between Là Fhèill Brìghde ( 1 February ) at the earliest, Latha na Cailliche ( 25 March ), or Bealltainn ( 1 May ) at the latest, and the local festivals marking the arrival of the first signs of spring may be named after either the Cailleach or Brìghde.

The earliest known lineup of Swans comprised Gira on bass guitar and vocals, Jonathan Kane on drums, and Sue Hanel on guitar, Mojo on percussion and tape loops and either Thurston Moore, Dan Braun or Jon Tessler on 2nd bass.

Perfumes have been known to exist in some of the earliest human civilizations, either through ancient texts or from archaeological digs.

The dichotomy is evident in the earliest texts of either culture, though neither the Rigveda's Asuras nor the Gathas ' Daevas are ' demons '.