The turn of the century, or to be more precise, the two decades preceeding and following it, marks a great change in the history of early English scholarship.

The value of place-names in the reconstruction of early English history had long been recognized.

Most now admit that Bede, Gildas, Nennius and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles cannot be the infallible guides to early English history that Guest, Freeman and Green thought them to be.

Indeed, in some periods of our history and in some neighborhoods the job opportunities have been so good that undoubtedly a great many boys who were potential members of the professions quit school at an early age and went to work.

We have aligned ourselves with that `` liberal '' tradition in Protestant Christianity that counts among the great names in its history those of Schleiermacher, Ritschl, Herrmann, Harnack, and Troeltsch, and more recently, Schweitzer and the early Barth and, in part at least, Bultmann.

After all this destruction of old literature, it should be obvious why we have so little information about the early history and development of the Lo Shu, which was already semisecret anyhow.

As Diggins concludes regarding the highly influential Cooper Union speech of early 1860, " Lincoln presented Americans a theory of history that offers a profound contribution to the theory and destiny of republicanism itself.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Ra II, a ship built from papyrus, was successfully sailed across the Atlantic by Thor Heyerdahl proving that it was possible to cross the Atlantic from Africa using such boats in early epochs of history.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

thumbAmerica's National Game is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911 detailing the early history of the sport of baseball.

Adelaide's early history was wrought by economic uncertainty and incompetent leadership.

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

Aventinus, whose name was real name is Johann or Johannes Turmair ( Aventinus being the Latin name of his birthplace ) wrote the Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany and the first major written work on the subject.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th-and early 20th-century manufacturing sites in the city.

In the early 21st century, Johnson is among those commonly mentioned as the worst presidents in U. S. history.

He especially enjoyed reading and being read to, spending long hours listening to William read early drafts of his history.

Saxo Grammaticus ' Gesta Danorum was not finished until after the death of Absalon, but Absalon was one of the chief heroic figures of the chronicle, which was to be the main source of knowledge about early Danish history.

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Well known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I ( 1914 – 15 ).

Most Protestants deny the need for this type of continuity and the historical claims involved have been severely questioned ; Eric Jay comments that the account given of the emergence of the episcopate in chapter III of Lumen Gentium " is very sketchy, and many ambiguities in the early history of the Christian ministry are passed over " Their reasons are given in detail below.

Arrangements and transcriptions of classical and serious music go back to the early history of this genre.

Frontman Andrew Wood's personality and compositions helped to catapult the group to the top of the burgeoning late 1980s / early 1990s Seattle music scene.

The earliest documented occurrence of ancient siege-artillery pieces in China was the levered principled traction catapult and an 8-foot-high siege crossbow from the Mozi ( Mo Jing ), a Mohist text written at about the 4th-3rd century BCE by followers of Mozi who founded the Mohist school of thought during the late Spring and Autumn Period and the early Warring States period.

Another game that was popular in early America was " one ol ' cat ," the name of which was possibly originally a contraction of one hole catapult.

Likewise the Wright Brothers beginning in 1904 used a weight and derrick styled catapult to assist their early aircraft with a takeoff in a limited space.

Although Germans had utilized seaplane tenders using engine steam to launch their Dornier Do J mailplanes on their South Atlantic Air Mail service as early as 1933, the modern steam catapult was a British invention.

Ader's proponents have claimed that the Wrights ' early airplanes required a catapult to take off ; however, the Wrights did not use a catapult for their first flights in 1903, though they did for many flights in 1904 and later.

Lou Holtz's option offense, which helped catapult Notre Dame to many victories in the late 1980's and early 1990's, also helped rack up impressive recruiting classes.

Although the Frankford Line helped to catapult Frankford Avenue into a major shopping district in the early 20th century, the traditionally working-class neighborhood saw decline in the 1950s as many Philadelphians moved to the suburbs.

The bow ( called the " prod " or " lath " on a crossbow ) of early crossbows was made of a single piece of wood, usually ash or yew.

Bronze crossbow bolts dating as early as mid 5th century BC were found at a State of Chu burial site in Yutaishan, Hubei.

The crossbow is portrayed as a hunting weapon on four Pictish stones from early medieval Scotland ( 6th to 9th centuries ): St. Vigeans no.

An early 13th-century drawing by Matthew Paris showing contemporary warfare, including the use of castle s, crossbow men and Knight | mounted knights

This rate of fire was far superior to competing weapons like the crossbow or early gunpowder weapons.

Shu chancellor Zhuge Liang invented the wooden ox, suggested to be an early form of the wheelbarrow, and improved on the repeating crossbow.

Joan was struck down early in the assault by a crossbow quarrel ( others report a bodkin arrow ) in the shoulder and was hurriedly taken away.

The trigger mechanism of an early arquebus most often resembled that of a crossbow: a gently curved lever pointing backward and parallel to the stock ( see illustration of Spanish arquebusier below ).

Other Doppelsöldner were armed with an early matchlock firearm called an " arquebus " or crossbow would lay ranged fire support by the flanks of the pike square.

Major technological contributions from China include early seismological detectors, matches, paper, cast iron, the iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the crossbow, the South Pointing Chariot, and gun powder.

A bronze crossbow mechanism with a butt plate, from the late Warring States to early Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – 220 AD )

Starting in the early 14th century, plate armour pieces were added to the traditional protective linked mail armour of knights and men-at-arms to guard against the arrows of the longbow and crossbow.

Because of the early use of crossbow technology, these conscripts may not have need armour for close fighting, instead adapting more mobile tactics similar to rifle or musket shooting by rows.

Major technological contributions from China include early seismological detectors, matches, paper, the double-action piston pump, cast iron, the iron plough, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief map, the propeller, the crossbow, the South Pointing Chariot, and gun powder.