The turn of the century, or to be more precise, the two decades preceeding and following it, marks a great change in the history of early English scholarship.

The value of place-names in the reconstruction of early English history had long been recognized.

Most now admit that Bede, Gildas, Nennius and The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles cannot be the infallible guides to early English history that Guest, Freeman and Green thought them to be.

Indeed, in some periods of our history and in some neighborhoods the job opportunities have been so good that undoubtedly a great many boys who were potential members of the professions quit school at an early age and went to work.

We have aligned ourselves with that `` liberal '' tradition in Protestant Christianity that counts among the great names in its history those of Schleiermacher, Ritschl, Herrmann, Harnack, and Troeltsch, and more recently, Schweitzer and the early Barth and, in part at least, Bultmann.

After all this destruction of old literature, it should be obvious why we have so little information about the early history and development of the Lo Shu, which was already semisecret anyhow.

As Diggins concludes regarding the highly influential Cooper Union speech of early 1860, " Lincoln presented Americans a theory of history that offers a profound contribution to the theory and destiny of republicanism itself.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

Ra II, a ship built from papyrus, was successfully sailed across the Atlantic by Thor Heyerdahl proving that it was possible to cross the Atlantic from Africa using such boats in early epochs of history.

In consolidating his empire and subduing contending factions he was ably assisted by Nizam ul-Mulk, his vizier, and one of the most eminent statesmen in early Muslim history.

thumbAmerica's National Game is a book by Albert Spalding, published in 1911 detailing the early history of the sport of baseball.

Adelaide's early history was wrought by economic uncertainty and incompetent leadership.

In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

Aventinus, whose name was real name is Johann or Johannes Turmair ( Aventinus being the Latin name of his birthplace ) wrote the Annals of Bavaria, a valuable record of the early history of Germany and the first major written work on the subject.

These authors, the former a medieval historian and the latter an early modernist, quickly became associated with the distinctive Annales approach, which combined geography, history, and the sociological approaches of the Année Sociologique ( many members of which were their colleagues at Strasbourg ) to produce an approach which rejected the predominant emphasis on politics, diplomacy and war of many 19th and early 20th-century historians as spearheaded by historians whom Febvre called Les Sorbonnistes.

After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history.

The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th-and early 20th-century manufacturing sites in the city.

In the early 21st century, Johnson is among those commonly mentioned as the worst presidents in U. S. history.

He especially enjoyed reading and being read to, spending long hours listening to William read early drafts of his history.

Saxo Grammaticus ' Gesta Danorum was not finished until after the death of Absalon, but Absalon was one of the chief heroic figures of the chronicle, which was to be the main source of knowledge about early Danish history.

Assyria or Athura ( Aramaic for Assyria ) was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the late 25th or early – 24th century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia ( present day northern Iraq ), that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Well known armour types in European history include the lorica hamata, lorica squamata, and the lorica segmentata of the Roman legions, the mail hauberk of the early medieval age, and the full steel plate harness worn by later medieval and renaissance knights, and breast and back plates worn by heavy cavalry in several European countries until the first year of World War I ( 1914 – 15 ).

Most Protestants deny the need for this type of continuity and the historical claims involved have been severely questioned ; Eric Jay comments that the account given of the emergence of the episcopate in chapter III of Lumen Gentium " is very sketchy, and many ambiguities in the early history of the Christian ministry are passed over " Their reasons are given in detail below.

Arrangements and transcriptions of classical and serious music go back to the early history of this genre.

Thus were preserved and securely dated an early decorated church and a synagogue decorated with extensive wall paintings.

The 1950s and early 1960s featured a boom in synagogue construction as upwardly mobile American Jews moved to the suburbs.

There is a wide variety of speculative theories about the origins of the synagogue ( in the sense of purpose-built spaces for worship, or rooms originally constructed for some other purpose but reserved for formal, communal prayer ), some of which date the origins as early as the eighth century BCE or the time of the Babylonian captivity ( sixth century BCE ).

In the 19th and early 20th century, Omsk became the administrative center of Western Siberia and the Steppes ( Kazakhstan ), acquiring a few churches and cathedrals of various denominations, mosques, a synagogue, the governor-general's mansion, and a military academy.

Born in Cologne, the son of a synagogue cantor, Offenbach showed early musical talent.

He received his early education from his father Aaron, who was Klausrabbiner ( Rabbi of a small synagogue ) in Karlsruhe, continuing his studies under Abraham Bing at Würzburg, where he also attended the university.

In 1341 King John of Bohemia accorded permission to Jewish families to reside within the Budweis walls and a first synagogue was erected in 1380, however several pogroms occurred in the late 15th and early 16th century.

In 1640 several hundred conversos, considered to be Jews, were living at St. Jean de Luz ; conversos who had returned to Judaism founded a synagogue at St. Esprit as early as 1660.

In an interesting turn of events, the United States government recognized cantors as the first Jewish clergy, even before rabbis were recognized-as a congregation could be organized and led by a committee of Jewish " laymen ," who would not have the expertise in liturgy a hazzan would have, newly forming congregations in the late 19th and early 20th centuries sometimes hired a hazzan for a synagogue ( and made sure that a kosher butcher was established in the neighborhood ) for some time before setting about hiring a rabbi, seeing the hazzan ( and the butcher ) as a more immediate need.

* Today Owen Sound's Beth Ezekiel Synagogue, a designated building under Ontario's Heritage Act, remains the last example of the early small town synagogue

Jacob Beer wrote an early cantata for performance at this synagogue.

Sephardic Dutch Jews were also among the early settlers of Newport ( where the country's oldest surviving synagogue building stands ), Savannah, Philadelphia and Baltimore.

Although there was a small Jewish community in Burton-on-Trent in the early half of the 20th centuries, there is no record of a synagogue being established.

In using the word ἐκκλησία ( ekklēsia, " church "), early Christians were employing a term that, while it designated the assembly of a Greek city-state, in which only citizens could participate, was traditionally used by Greek-speaking Jews to speak of Israel, the people of God, and that appeared in the Septuagint in the sense of an assembly gathered for religious reasons, often for a liturgy ; in that translation ἐκκλησία stood for the Hebrew word קהל ( qahal ), which however it also rendered as συναγωγή ( synagōgē, " synagogue "), the two Greek words being largely synonymous until Christians distinguished them more clearly.

All the early documents were destroyed in the conflagration of 1873, in which the synagogue, an old wooden building, also was burned.

The synagogue was founded in the early 18th century by followers of Judah he-Hasid, but it was destroyed by Muslims a few years later in 1721.

In the early 1850s, the Perushim felt ready to attempt the building a larger synagogue on he-Hasid's original site.

He began openly calling for the destruction of Jews, and, as early as 1927, the new movement organized the sacking and burning of a synagogue in the city of Oradea.

The town features a Gothic church from the 15th century ( rebuilt 1578 and again 1718 ), a baroque monastery from 1718, a neo-Gothic Evangelic Lutheran church of 1930-1935, a Reformed church from the early 20th century, a synagogue of 1923, and a classicist manor house ( a castle built in the 18th century on the place of a castle built in the Middle Ages ).

Archaeology indicates that they modified some of the structures they found there ; these include a building that was modified to function as a synagogue facing Jerusalem ( it may in fact have been a synagogue to begin with ), although it did not contain a mikvah or the benches found in other early synagogues.

* Tikkun refers to the nightly / early morning synagogue readings on the following Jewish holidays: Seventh Day of Passover, Shavuot, Hoshanna Rabbah, and the Seventh of Adar

This design was common in the 19th and early 20th century, and is common in Europe, including the Shaarei Tikva synagogue in Lisbon ( opened in 1904 ).

Shaefferstown had a few Jewish settlers at an early date, and a synagogue and cemetery in 1732.