This tendency effected the narrowing field of artistic possibility to such forms of art as Arabesque, mosaic, Islamic calligraphy, and Islamic architecture, as well as any form of abstraction that can claim the status of non-representational art.

On the other hand, Islamic law and the later common law " had no difficulty in accepting agency as one of its institutions in the field of contracts and of obligations in general ".

The Islamic civilization rose to primacy in medical science as Muslim physicians contributed significantly to the field of medicine, including anatomy, ophthalmology, pharmacology, pharmacy, physiology, surgery, and the pharmaceutical sciences.

Kabul University opened in 1932 and soon was linked to both European and American universities, as well as universities in other Muslim countries in the field of Islamic studies.

There are a multitude of scholarly opinions in each field ; however, these can be summarised as either derived from the four major schools of thought ( Madh ' hab ) or from an expert scholar who exercises independent derivation of Islamic Law ( ijtihad ).

Towards the end of the book, he and Chavez are returned to the field and ordered to discover who is responsible for the Ebola attack on the United States, an action they quickly trace to the new United Islamic Republic.

In this field the technique of gold tooling had also arrived in the 15th century from the Islamic world, and indeed much of the leather itself was imported from there.

", the " inappropriate " assignment of "... young female IOs ( Intelligence Officers ) against Islamic targets ...", poor staff retention rates, and general lack of officers possessing meaningful field experience.

While the siege was seen as a public relations disaster for Maskhadov, his more radical Islamic field commanders have correspondingly benefited.

Eid al-Fitr has a particular salat ( Islamic prayer ) consisting of two raka ' ah ( units ) and generally offered in an open field or large hall.

The huge field of Islamic architecture is the subject of a separate article, leaving fields as varied as calligraphy, painting, glass, ceramics, and textiles, among others.

In the field of mathematics, al-Kindi played an important role in introducing Indian numerals to the Islamic and Christian world.

Shabak has also worked closely with the Israeli Air Force in " targeted killings " of field commanders and senior leaders of Palestinian militant factions of Hamas, the Islamic Jihad, the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, and Fatah.

As Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, he officially announced and pursued a policy of " leniency " () towards the field of culture and arts and removed many restrictions.

" The Jamaat is very active in the field of Dawah ( Missionary movement ), Tarbiyah ( Islamic education ) and Tanzeem ( organization ) almost in all the areas of Pakistan.

Mantiq or Islamic Logic is a similar science to what is called Traditional Logic at Western universities ( as opposed to Modern Logic that is taught as a field of Mathematics ).

Following his conversion, Estes entered the field of Dawah, or evangelizing the Islamic faith.

The Markaz has attained a special place in the field of Islamic studies and scholastic pursuits in Kerala.

Ahmad widely cited as the father of modern Islamic economics and Islamic capitalism, and is considered one of the influential thinker in the field of Islamic economics field.

Because anthropology developed from so many different enterprises ( see History of Anthropology ), including but not limited to fossil-hunting, exploring, documentary film-making, paleontology, primatology, antiquity dealings and curatorship, philology, etymology, genetics, regional analysis, ethnology, history, philosophy, and religious studies, it is difficult to characterize the entire field in a brief article, although attempts to write histories of the entire field have been made.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

In addition to mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean is used frequently in fields such as economics, sociology, and history, though it is used in almost every academic field to some extent.

Brito Figueroa carried his conception of the field to all levels of university study, emphasizing a systematic and scientific approach to history and placing it squarely in the social sciences.

His work in this specific field ( based on the criss-crossing between literary criticism, bibliography, and sociocultural history ) is connected to broader historiographical and methodological interests which deal with the relation between history and other disciplines: philosophy, sociology, anthropology.

Conservation is an interdisciplinary field as conservators have backgrounds in the fine arts, sciences ( including chemistry, biology, and materials science ), and closely related disciplines, such as art history, archaeology, studio art, and anthropology.

In Gregory ’ s day, history was not recognized as an independent field of study ; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and historia ( defined as ‘ story ’) summed up the approach of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered ‘ history .’ Gregory ’ s Dialogues Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.

Covering a great stretch of time and space, they do for the worshipper in the field of church history what the Scripture readings do in that of biblical history.

The history of discrete mathematics has involved a number of challenging problems which have focused attention within areas of the field.

Attorney at Würzburg ) but took an interest in natural history and took the children out on field trips.

The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Gallery, a permanent installation set within the restored former Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Hospital building that now forms part of the new UNISON Centre, uses a variety of media to set the story of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, her hospital, and women ’ s struggle to achieve equality in the field of medicine within the wider framework of 19th and 20th century social history.

Geologists use a number of field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods to decipher Earth history and understand the processes that occur on and in the Earth.

The Astros would get the run back in the bottom of the 14th when Hatcher ( in a classic goat-to-hero-conversion-moment ) hit one of the most dramatic home runs in NLCS history, off the left field foul pole.

Africa's history has been challenging for researchers in the field of African studies because of the scarcity of written sources in large parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

The history of science and technology ( HST ) is a field of history which examines how humanity's understanding of the natural world ( science ) and ability to manipulate it ( technology ) have changed over the centuries.

In this view, grand theories are unprovable, and instead intensive field work would determine the most likely explanation and history of a culture, and hence it is named Historicism.

With written attestations appearing since the Bronze Age, in the form of the Anatolian languages and Mycenaean Greek, the Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the longest recorded history after the Afroasiatic family.

Typically, gravitational fields change only slightly over short distances, and the Earth ’ s field is nearly uniform at all locations on the Earth ’ s surface ; therefore, an object ’ s weight changes only slightly when it is moved from one location to another, and these small changes went unnoticed through much of history.

Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history and effects of various media ; in particular, the ' mass media '.

After kicker Gary Anderson, who had just completed the first perfect regular season in NFL history ( not missing a single extra point or field goal attempt the entire year ), missed a 38-yard field goal attempt with less than 2 minutes remaining, the Falcon's ensuing drive tied the game.

While accompanying Mallowan on countless archaeological trips ( spending up to 3 – 4 months at a time in Syria and Iraq at excavation sites at Ur, Ninevah, Tell Arpachiyah, Chagar Bazar, Tell Brak, and Nimrud ), Christie not only wrote novels and short stories, but also contributed work to the archaeological sites, more specifically to the archaeological restoration and labeling of ancient exhibits which includes tasks such as cleaning and conserving delicate ivory pieces, reconstructing pottery, developing photos from early excavations which later led to taking photographs of the site and its findings, and taking field notes.

The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology.

More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory.

* In 2004, Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle published the first comprehensive review of the field of self-replication, in their book Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, which includes 3000 + literature references.

Computer vision is a field that includes methods for acquiring, processing, analyzing, and understanding images and, in general, high-dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or symbolic information, e. g., in the forms of decisions.

A record in the second file includes a key and pointers to records in the first file where the inversion field has the value of the key.

Other sporting facilities includes Memorial Arena, home to the university's varsity hockey teams, Studley Gymnasium, the Sexton Gymnasium and field and the Langille Athletic Centre in Truro-Bible Hill.

Other notable graduates of Dalhousie includes Donald O. Hebb, who helped advanced the field of neuropsychology, and Kathryn D. Sullivan, the first American woman to walk in space.

Electromagnetic radiation thus includes the near and far field | far field part of the electromagnetic field around a transmitter.

There, it was first clearly shown that mean field theory approaches failed to predict the correct behavior at the critical point ( which was found to fall under a universality class that includes many other systems, such as liquid-gas transitions ), and had to be replaced by renormalization group theory.

The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics.

The study of heredity in biology is called genetics, which includes the field of epigenetics.

The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary ( 1921 – 25 ) defines hīna in even stronger terms, with a semantic field that includes " poor, miserable ; vile, base, abject, contemptible ," and " despicable.

The field includes editing, photojournalism, and documentary.

Law is also the field which concerns the creation and administration of laws, and includes any and all legal systems.

The field includes both the mathematical study of logic and the applications of formal logic to other areas of mathematics.

The mathematical field of category theory uses many formal axiomatic methods, and includes the study of categorical logic, but category theory is not ordinarily considered a subfield of mathematical logic.

The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation.

Geomatics includes geodesy ( scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field, and other geodynamic phenomena, such as crustal motion, oceanic tides, and polar motion ) and GIS ( a computer based system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the earth ) and remote sensing ( the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing devices that are not in physical or intimate contact with the object ).

Psychometrics is the field of study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which includes the measurement of knowledge, abilities, attitudes, personality traits, and educational measurement.

AX. 25 includes a digipeater field to allow other stations to automatically repeat packets to extend the range of transmitters.

* Quantum field theory, a generic type of relativistic quantum theory, which includes: