John Adams fashioned much of pre-Revolutionary radical ideology, wrote the constitution of his home state of Massachusetts, negotiated, with Franklin and Jay, the peace with Britain and served as our first Vice President and our second President.

The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.

Though he was destined to be a strongly counter-reforming emperor, Alexander had little prospect of succeeding to the throne during the first two decades of his life, as he had an elder brother, Nicolas, who seemed of robust constitution.

King Alexander tried to reconcile political parties by unveiling a liberal constitution of his own initiative, introducing for the first time in the constitutional history of Serbia the system of two chambers ( skupština and senate ).

The first nineteen articles of the “ Grundgesetz ” represent the constitution in narrower sense and determine the fundamental rights of German citizens.

The 1965 constitution led to the first general elections and to independence on 30 September 1966.

* Constitution of 1824 – the first Brazilian constitution, enacted by Dom Pedro I.

After the fall of the communism in 1990, the former communist party changed to Bulgarian Socialist Party ( BSP ) and won the first post-communist elections for the new constitution in 1990 with a small majority.

In 1990, the Popular Front held its first National Congress, which formed a committee to draft a national constitution.

In 1966 a military coup deposed the first president of Upper Volta, Maurice Yaméogo, suspended the constitution, dissolved the National Assembly, and placed Lieutenant Colonel Sangoulé Lamizana at the head of a government of senior army officers.

The first republican constitution of Bavaria was passed in Bamberg, becoming known as the Bamberger Verfassung ( Bamberg Constitution ).

Aristotle ( ca 350 BC ) was one of the first in recorded history to make a formal distinction between ordinary law and constitutional law, establishing ideas of constitution and constitutionalism, and attempting to classify different forms of constitutional government.

The Romans first codified their constitution in 450 BC as the Twelve Tables.

The Nomocanon of Saint Sava () was the first Serbian constitution from 1219.

Even so, its first recorded use in the function of a constitution ( supreme law of the land ) is with Sarsa Dengel beginning in 1563.

The constitution first approved in 1980 and substantially revised in 1992 forms the basis of government organization.

Following a two year campaign by women to change their circumstances, in 1959 Cayman received its first written constitution which, for the first time, allowed women to vote.

Figueres became a national hero, winning the first election under the new constitution in 1953.

Following the collapse of the ruling Communist Party in Yugoslavia, Croatia adopted a new constitution in 1990 – which replaced the 1974 constitution adopted by the Socialist Republic of Croatia – and organised its first multi-party elections.

One of its leaders, Joaquín Infante, drafted Cuba's first constitution, declaring the island a sovereign state, presuming the rule of the countries ' wealthy, maintaining slavery as long as it was necessary for agriculture, establishing a social classification based on skin colour and declaring Catholicism the official religion.

In 1985, the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections.

May 20 Republican Year 37 / 1948, Chiang Kai-shek's inauguration speech as the first President of the Republic of China in the new constitution of 1948

In 1653, Oliver Cromwell became Lord Protector under England's and later Britain's first written constitution Instrument of Government and then under the second and last written constitution known as the Humble Petition and Advice.

`` We are menaced for the first time in the history of the Republic by the open and unblushing effort of a multi-millionaire to purchase the Presidential nomination.

* 1572 – In the Eighty Years ' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.

* 1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic.

In a famous passage that is often considered the first specimen of alternative history, Livy speculates on what would have been the outcome of a military showdown between Alexander the Great and the Roman Republic.

After Amadeus abandonment in 1873, Parliament declared the Federal Republic ( including the Cuba, Puerto Ico and he Pacific Archipelagos ), the first act of President Estanbislao Figueras was to extend the Abolition Act to Puerto Rico.

* 1980 – The Republic of Zimbabwe ( formerly Rhodesia ) comes into being, with Canaan Banana as the country's first President.

* Proclamation of the Republic ( 1889 ): End of the Brazilian Empire, this was the first coup d ' état performed by the Brazilian military.

The President of the Republic still intended to create a Ministry in his first term.

In 2007, the first case of bluetongue in the Czech Republic was detected in one bull near Cheb at the Czech-German border.

It commemorates the 1790 Fête de la Fédération, held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 ; the anniversary of the storming of the Bastille fortress-prison was seen as a symbol of the uprising of the modern nation, and of the reconciliation of all the French inside the constitutional monarchy which preceded the First Republic, during the French Revolution.

: The Republic of Macedonia is entered as Macedonia, the name used in its first entry in the Factbook upon independence in 1992.

The Eastern leaders retaliated against these steps by integrating the economies of their nations in Comecon, their version of the Marshall Plan ; exploding the first Soviet atomic device in 1949 ; signing an alliance with People's Republic of China in February 1950 ; and forming the Warsaw Pact, Eastern Europe's counterpart to NATO, in 1955.

On 13 August 1960 the Central African Republic became an independent country and David Dacko became its first President.

Continuing the coalition's free-trade strategy, in August 2006 President Bachelet promulgated a free trade agreement with the People's Republic of China ( signed under the previous administration of Ricardo Lagos ), the first Chinese free-trade agreement with a Latin American nation ; similar deals with Japan and India were promulgated in August 2007.

Sun Yat-sen, founder and first president of the Republic of China.

In March 2006, the parliament overturned a veto by President Václav Klaus, and the Czech Republic became the first former communist country in Europe to grant legal recognition to same-sex partnerships.

Shortly after the first reported incidents in Puerto Rico, other animal deaths were reported in other countries, such as the Dominican Republic, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Brazil, United States, and Mexico.

Deployment overseas began in 1954, first to West Germany and later to the Republic of China ( Taiwan ) and South Korea.

The Korea Republic national football team have also used the ground twice in recent years for international friendlies, first against Greece in February 2007 and then against Serbia in November 2009.

It is believed that the Roman Republic first came into contact with mail fighting the Gauls in Cisalpine Gaul, now Northern Italy.

A new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, and Chiang was formally elected by the National Assembly as the first term President of the Republic of China on May 20, 1948.

China's first censuses were irregular: the Republic of China held censuses in 1913 and 1944.

Under Mao Zedong, the People's Republic of China held its first in 1952, but the second in 1963 was secret and unacknowledged until the early 1980s.