The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 founding states that established the United States of America as a confederation of sovereign states and served as its first constitution.

In 1906, the Aga Khan was a founding member and first president of the All India Muslim League, a political party which pushed for the creation of an independent Muslim nation in the north west regions of South Asia, then under British colonial rule, and later established the country of Pakistan in 1947.

Du Bois ' Black Reconstruction, first published in 1935, historians have noted African American contributions during Reconstruction to founding what were often the first systems of public education and welfare institutions in the South, gave muted praise for Republican efforts to extend suffrage and provide other social institutions, and excoriated Johnson for opposing the extension of basic rights to freedmen.

* 1253 – Nichiren, a Japanese Buddhist monk, propounds Nam Myoho Renge Kyo for the very first time and declares it to be the essence of Buddhism, in effect founding Nichiren Buddhism.

John Dube, its first president, and poet and author Sol Plaatje are among its founding members.

Claudius was the first to hold magnificent celebrations in honour of the city's anniversary, in 48 AD, 800 years after the founding of the city.

Under Abdülaziz's reign, Turkey's first postage stamps were issued in 1863, and Turkey joined the Universal Postal Union in 1875 as a founding member.

Brown owes its founding to the support of learning among a Baptist Church association but in 1762, the Baptist Minister Morgan Edwards was at first ridiculed for suggesting the founding of a college.

The first attributes the founding of the city to the mythological Hercules.

Potter had been a disciple of the land conservation and preservation ideals of her long-time friend and mentor, Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley, the first secretary and founding member of the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty.

Building on the founding discoveries and theories in the history of quantum mechanics, the first theoretical calculations in chemistry were those of Walter Heitler and Fritz London in 1927.

After the battle of Plataea, the Greek cities extinguished their fires and brought new fire from the hearth of Greece, at Delphi ; in the foundation stories of several Greek colonies, the founding colonists were first dedicated at Delphi.

Despite this, at first he thought staying and founding a city would serve well for his honor.

in Chemistry, 1974 ), founding president of Vassar College Milo Parker Jewett, founder and first president of Bates College Oren B. Cheney, founder and first president of Kenyon College Philander Chase, first professor of Wabash College Caleb Mills, and former president of Union College Charles Augustus Aiken.

At least 70 new members entered the latter, with 20 seats going to Fatah representatives from the Gaza Strip, 11 seats filled by women ( the highest number of votes went to one woman who spent years in Israeli jails for her role in the resistance ), four seats went to Christians, and one was filled by a Jewish-born convert to Islam, Uri Davis, the first Jewish-born person to be elected to the Revolutionary Council since its founding in 1958.

Such appeals are rare: the first appeal from the FISC to the Court of Review was made in 2002, 24 years after the founding of the FISC.

In 1890, Cantor was instrumental in founding the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung and chaired its first meeting in Halle in 1891, where he first introduced his diagonal argument ; his reputation was strong enough, despite Kronecker's opposition to his work, to ensure he was elected as the first president of this society.

For the first time, the term " Kingdom ( Empire ) of the Germans " ( Regnum Teutonicorum ) was applied to a Frankish kingdom, although Teutonicorum at its founding originally meant something closer to " Realm of the Germanic peoples " or " Germanic Realm " than " realm of the Germans ".

This ensured for the first time that all the realms of the Iberian peninsula ( save for Portugal ) would be united by one monarch under one nascent Spanish crown, with the founding territories retaining their separate governance codes and laws.

In 1961 the first important legislative victory of the Kennedy Administration came when the principle of national responsibility for local economic distress won out over a `` state's-responsibility '' proposal -- provision was made for payment for unemployment relief by nation-wide taxation rather than by a levy only on those states afflicted with manpower surplus.

Logically, then, the first principle of the plan must be that it is not rigidly oriented toward any geographical area.

If we consider a process in which the outcome of one stage is known before passage to the next, then the principle of optimality shows that the policy in subsequent stages should be optimal with respect to the outcome of the first.

This basic principle, the first in a richly knotted bundle, was conveyed to me by Dr. Henry Lee Smith, Jr., at the University of Buffalo, where he heads the world's first department of anthropology and linguistics.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

A life of gentility and principle such as Cousin Elec had lived had to be known at first hand.

He reformed Austria's armies to adopt the nation at arms principle ; in 1809, he went into the War of the Fifth Coalition with confidence and inflicted Napoleon's first major setback at Aspern-Essling, before suffering a defeat at the bloody Battle of Wagram.

Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those laws.

But under orders of Spanish judge Baltasar Garzón, he was arrested there, attracting worldwide attention, not only because of the history of Chile and South America, but also because this was one of the first arrests of a former president based on the universal jurisdiction principle.

Thomas Aquinas wrote in the 13th century: " the rule and measure of human acts is the reason, which is the first principle of human acts " ( Aquinas, ST I-II, Q. 90, A. I ).

Exhaled CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( g ) depletes CO < sub > 2 </ sub >( aq ) which in turn consumes H < sub > 2 </ sub > CO < sub > 3 </ sub > causing the aforementioned shift left in the first reaction by Le Chatelier's principle.

Later on, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, this French revolutionary principle – though not of course its specific way to identify the “ general will ” – percolated into first Socialist and then Fascist political thinking.

Apparently unaware of Smeaton's work, the same principle was identified by Louis Vicat in the first decade of the nineteenth century.

The first experimental device demonstrating the principle was a row of closely spaced metal squares on an oxidized silicon surface electrically accessed by wire bonds.

This first, foundational principle by which congregationalism is guided results in confining it to operate with the consent of each gathering of believers.

God had no beginning, and is the universal first principle.

Christians regard the foundational principle of the lifelong union of a man and a woman to have been first articulated biblically in, and reaffirmed by Jesus in and, and by the Apostle Paul in.

In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom.

The Upanishads saw dharma as the universal principle of law, order, harmony, all in all truth, that sprang first from Brahman.

Iamblichus describes the One as a monad whose first principle or emanation is intellect ( nous ), while among " the many " that follow it there's a second, super-existent " One " that is the producer of intellect or soul ( psyche ).

This presentation also emphasizes the notation of the two kinds of Bernoulli numbers, called the first and the second kind, which are of equal legitimacy, and in principle not to favor of each other.

This principle, the conservation of energy, was first postulated in the early 19th century, and applies to any isolated system.

The first principle of skilled memory, the meaningful encoding principle, states that experts exploit prior knowledge to durably encode information needed to perform a familiar task successfully.