In fact, modern scholarly opinion in the main has not retreated all the way back to the destructive scepticism of the first half of the nineteenth century.

The modern student, who knows what was to come next, is likely to place first the factors of change which are visible in the eighth century.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

Kouros ( male youth ) is the modern term given to those representations of standing male youths which first appear in the archaic period in Greece.

The first major groups of amphibians developed in the Devonian period from lobe-finned fish similar to the modern coelacanth and lungfish, which had evolved multi-jointed leg-like fins with digits that enabled them to crawl along the sea bottom.

Van Vogt was always interested in the idea of all-encompassing systems of knowledge ( akin to modern meta-systems ) -- the characters in his very first story used a system called ' Nexialism ' to analyze the alien's behaviour, and he became interested in the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski.

* 1896 – In Athens, the opening of the first modern Olympic Games is celebrated, 1, 500 years after the original games are banned by Roman Emperor Theodosius I.

The Analytical Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit, control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops, and integrated memory, making it the first design for a general-purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing-complete.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Since this picture was first developed by Ernst Stueckelberg, and acquired its modern form in Feynman's work, it is called the Feynman-Stueckelberg interpretation of antiparticles to honor both scientists.

At that time, the ENIAC was considered to be the first computer in the modern sense, but in 1973 a U. S. District Court invalidated the ENIAC patent and concluded that the ENIAC inventors had derived the subject matter of the electronic digital computer from Atanasoff ( see Patent dispute ).

The machine was, however, the first to implement three critical ideas that are still part of every modern computer:

( Paradoxically, in the modern version it is the rebellious son who has the first name " David ".

* 1913 – Tōhoku Imperial University of Japan ( modern day Tohoku University ) becomes the first university in Japan to admit female students.

The first ' modern ' publication of Alcaeus ' verses appeared in a Greek and Latin edition of fragments collected from the canonic nine lyrical poets by Michael Neander, published at Basle in 1556.

The press was the first to issue printed books in the small octavo size, similar to that of a modern paperback, and like that intended for portability and ease of reading.

Tradition relates that in 814, the body of Saint James the Greater was discovered in Compostela and that Alfonso was the first pilgrim to that famous medieval ( and modern ) shrine.

Res Gestae ( Rerum gestarum Libri XXXI ) was originally in thirty-one books, but the first thirteen are lost ( modern historian T. D.

A good example of the contempt the first democrats felt for those who did not participate in politics can be found in the modern word ' idiot ', which finds its origins in the ancient Greek word, idiōtēs, meaning a private person, a person who is not actively interested in politics ; such characters were talked about with contempt, and the word eventually acquired its modern meaning.

Lavoisier's Traité élémentaire de chimie ( Elementary Treatise on Chemistry, 1789, translated into English by Scotsman Robert Kerr ) is considered to be the first modern chemistry textbook.

Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Baseball Players, which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA, in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings ( precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves ) and was highly successful ; winning 206 games ( and losing only 53 ) as a pitcher and batting. 323 as a hitter.

The work, in the opinion of enthusiastic dilettanti, stamped the author as the first artist of modern times.

Roger Bacon and Leonardo da Vinci were some of the first modern Europeans to study aeronautics.

The modern age of aviation began with the first untethered human lighter-than-air flight on November 21, 1783, in a hot air balloon designed by the Montgolfier brothers.

All these emotions were screwed up to new heights when, after acceptance and the first rehearsals, there ensued such a buzz of excitement among Parisian music lovers that Duclos had to come running to Rousseau to inform him that the news had reached the superintendent of the King's amusements, and that he was now demanding that the work be offered first at the royal summer palace of Fontainebleau.

On July 23, 1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring competition from Paris to Rouen.

The first, most important and successful was The Beggar's Opera of 1728, with a libretto by John Gay and music arranged by John Christopher Pepusch, both of whom probably influenced by Parisian vaudeville and the burlesques and musical plays of Thomas D ' Urfey ( 1653 – 1723 ), a number of whose collected ballads they used in their work.

Among the first manufacturers of modern cornets were Parisian Jean Asté in 1828.

The first introduction of Dada artwork to the Parisian public was at the Salon des Indépendants in 1921.

The first languages for which standardisation was promoted included Italian (" questione della lingua ": Modern Tuscan / Florentine vs. Old Tuscan / Florentine vs. Venetian > Modern Florentine + archaic Tuscan + Upper Italian ), French ( the standard is based on Parisian ), English ( the standard is based on the London dialect ) and ( High ) German ( based on the dialects of the chancellery of Meissen in Saxony, Middle German and the chancellery of Prague in Bohemia (" Common German ")).

Due to a number of Parisian conventions that had to be honored ( including extensive ballets ), it became Verdi's first work in the French Grand opera style.

One of his followers, the Parisian Abraham Bosse spread Callot's innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching, which was translated into Italian, Dutch, German and English.

For the next seven years, during the Régence of Philippe d ' Orléans, the royal court of the young King Louis XV was the first in Paris, while the Regent governed from his Parisian residence, the Palais-Royal.

In 1848, Hervé made his first notable appearance on the Parisian stage, with Don Quichotte et Sancho Pança ( after Cervantes ), which can be considered the starting point for the new French musical theatre tradition.

One of his followers, the Parisian Abraham Bosse, spread Callot's innovations all over Europe with the first published manual of etching, which was translated into Italian, Dutch, German and English.

A chance encounter with a street prostitute ( Erin O ' Brien-Moore ) hiding from a police raid leads to his first bestseller, Nana, an exposé of the steamy underside of Parisian life.

Historian Shelley Rice, in her book Parisian Views writes that " most Parisians during first half of the nineteenth century perceived streets as dirty, crowded, and unhealthy.

John of Salisbury is one of the first examples related by Richard Kieckhefer, but as a Parisian ecclesiastical court record of 1323 shows, a " group who were plotting to invoke the demon Berich from inside a circle made from strips of cat skin ," were obviously participating in the church ’ s definition of " necromancy ".

It is one of the first American movies which, under cover of humorous light romance, depicts the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin: rigid and gray, all the more so when compared to the free and sunny Parisian society of pre-War days.

Louis-Antoine was the first of the next generation of Bourbons, as the King and the Count of Provence had not fathered any children yet, causing the Parisian libellistes ( pamphleteers who published scandalous leaflets about important figures in court and politics ) to lampoon Louis XVI's alleged impotence.

She first departed Australia in 1928, and worked in a Parisian bank from 1930 to 1935.

By the time the group released their first album in 1986 the Parisian alternative music scene had taken flight, and Manu, his brother Antoine Chao, and friends such as Alain from Les Wampas formed Los Carayos to incorporate this sound with the rockabilly and punk styles of Hot Pants.

The first film made in the city, in association with the Parisian producer Pathé, was Sárga csikó (" Yellow Foal ", 1912 ), based on a popular " peasant drama ".

In the early twentieth century, the industry expanded through such Parisian fashion houses as the house of Chanel ( which first came to prominence in 1925 ) and Balenciaga ( founded by a Spaniard in 1937 ).

The first movement is radical in its harmonic outline, building a vast arch back to the home key, which, while similar to the sonata form of classical composition, was taken as a departure by Parisian critics.

During this time, he contributed to the leftist Parisian paper Combat, out of which grew his first full-length work, Writing Degree Zero ( 1953 ).

In 1876, he returned to France to become one of the chief French advocates of Marxism, being imprisoned for six months in 1878 for taking part in the first Parisian International Congress.