The first case recorded of the partial exemption of an abbot from episcopal control is that of Faustus, abbot of Lerins, at the council of Arles, AD 456 ; but the exorbitant claims and exactions of bishops, to which this repugnance to episcopal control is to be traced, far more than to the arrogance of abbots, rendered it increasingly frequent, and, in the 6th century, the practice of exempting religious houses partly or altogether from episcopal control, and making them responsible to the pope alone, received an impulse from Pope Gregory the Great.

" In contrast to this, St Peter, the first apostle called by Jesus ( Matthew 4 ) and considered today the first pope, was married ( Matthew 8 ).

A well-known instance of the " John Cardinal Doe " style is that in the proclamation, in Latin, of the election of a new pope by the cardinal protodeacon: " Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum ; habemus Papam: Eminentissimum ac Reverendissimum Dominum, Dominum ( first name ) Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinalem ( last name ), ..." ( Meaning: " I announce to you a great joy ; we have a Pope: The Most Eminent and Most Reverend Lord, Lord ( first name ) Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church ( last name ), ...")

Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children by a lover.

Pope Gelasius I was the first pope recorded as enjoying diplomatic immunity, as it is noted in his letter Duo sunt to emperor Anastasius.

# The New Testament, in which the first pope, St. Peter, commands that all Christians shall honour the Roman Emperor (), even though, at that time, he was still a pagan emperor.

This issue came to the fore in the first part of the eleventh century when Rome and the pope sought autonomy from the Holy Roman Emperor.

* 533 – Mercurius becomes Pope John II, the first pope to adopt a new name upon elevation to the papacy.

In the first book, concerned with the government of God and the Ten Commandments, he attacked the temporal rule of the clergy – in temporal things the king is above the pope, and the collection of annates and indulgences is simony.

* 2001 – During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.

* 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

Indeed, her first marriage had been annulled by a previous pope, Julius II, on that basis.

However, John A. T. Robinson and other scholars argued for a much earlier dating, based on the fact that the New Testament writings make no mention of ( 1 ) the Great Fire of Rome ( A. D. 64 ), one of the most destructive fires in Roman history, which Emperor Nero blamed on the Christians, and led to the first major persecution of believers ; ( 2 ) the final years and deaths of Paul, who wrote most of the epistles, Peter, whom Catholics recognize as the first pope, and the other apostles ; ( 3 ) Nero's suicide ( A. D. 68 ); or ( 4 ) the total destruction of the temple in Jerusalem ( A. D. 70 ), which Robinson thought should certainly have appeared, considering the importance of that event for Jews and Christians of that time.

In line with the " Declaration of Utrecht " of 1889, they accept the first seven ecumenical councils and doctrine formulated before 1054, but reject communion with the pope and a number of other Roman Catholic doctrines and practices.

The first known family member is one Bobone, in the early 11th century, father of Pietro, in turn father of Giacinto dei Boboni ( 1110 – 1198 ), who in 1191 became pope as Celestine III.

Peter never bore the title of " pope ", which came into use three centuries later, but Catholics traditionally recognize him as the first pope, while official declarations of the Church only speak of the popes as holding within the college of the Bishops a role analogous to that held by Peter within the college of the Apostles, of which the college of the Bishops, a distinct entity, is the successor.

Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " Fisherman's Ring " by the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints.

The pope then assumes a place of honor as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first " obedience " ( adoratio ) and to receive his blessing.

There, after a solemn Papal Mass, the new pope was crowned with the triregnum ( papal tiara ) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing Urbi et Orbi (" to the City and to the World ").

The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the Donation of Sutri, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler Pippin the Younger gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards.

This immature use of crayons may suggest that she is a little immature for the first grade.

As a first step toward this goal, arrangements were worked out for comparing the scales now in use through circulation of a group of standard platinum resistance thermometers for calibration by each national laboratory.

Although Mr. Brown was not himself its inventor ( it was a French idea ), it is typical that his intuition first conceived the importance of mass producing this basic tool for general use.

Sturdy and strong after more than a century of continuous use, the old covered, wooden bridge that spans the Tygartis Valley River at Philippi will have a distinctive part in the week-long observance of the first land battle of the Civil War at its home site, May 28th to June 3rd.

The same is true of areas which at first look good because of a few existing recreation features but may actually be poor areas to develop for general public use.

But the Russians use gymnastics as the first step in training for all other sports because it provides training in every basic quality except one, endurance.

The purpose set forth at the beginning of this book was first to introduce the reader to a general background knowledge of the various types and capabilities of the forecasting methods already in use, so that he might then be in a position to evaluate for himself the validity of the rather astonishing empirical correlation that is to follow, and to appraise the forecast that its interpretation suggests for the future of farm prices over the years immediately ahead.

For the reason just suggested, I shall assume the use of the first subtype of fully distributed cost apportionment in the following simplified example.

The first argument is thus an ideal experiment in which we use the method of difference.

More recently, polyethers -- again in varied compositions, molecular weights, and branching -- have come into use at first for the flexible foams, just lately for the rigids.

He recognized that whatever transformation may be effected in the first stage of an R-stage process, the remaining stages must use an optimal Af-stage policy with respect to the state resulting from the first stage, if there is to be any chance of optimizing the complete process.

I state categorically that we shall under no circumstances resort to the use of such weapons unless they are first used by our enemies ''.

It seemed like a good time for officials to use a recently-passed law empowering the post office department to contract for the transport of first class mail by air.

So far in history man has been too greatly over-occupied with projecting things into his environment rather than first creating the sort of person who can make the highest use of the things he has created.

In the first place, a good many writers who are said to use folklore, do not, unless one counts an occasional superstition or tale.

the first use of the word `` rustler '' was as a synonym for `` hustler '', becomin' an established term for any person who was active, pushin', and bustlin' in any enterprise.

The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.

Its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services.

The word amphibian became restricted in the taxonomical sense to what we now use around 1600, with the taxon " Amphibia " first published in scientific classification circa 1819.

Tadpoles have cartilaginous skeletons, gills for respiration ( external gills at first, internal gills later ), lateral line systems and large tails which they use for swimming.

During the Achaemenid Persian Empire, around 600 BC the Persians first began to use the abacus.

Asteroids is also the first game to use Atari's " QuadraScan " vector-refresh system ; a full-color version known as " Color-QuadraScan " was later developed for games such as Space Duel and Tempest.

The 2600 port was the first game to use a bank-switched cartridge, doubling available ROM space.