Even in the neighborhood of the Earth, where information has been obtained both directly and indirectly, the derived flux values vary by at least four orders of magnitude.

It is assumed that the flux values increase by a factor of 2.512 per magnitude, in accordance with the opinion that the total mass flux in each unit range in magnitude is constant.

The radiation flux without a sample and with a sample in the atomizer is measured using a detector, and the ratio between the two values ( the absorbance ) is converted to analyte concentration or mass using the Beer-Lambert Law.

Considering the particular case of fluid dynamics, the difference between the stream function values at any two points gives the volumetric flow rate ( or volumetric flux ) through a line connecting the two points.

The values of X in Thomson scattering can be predicted from incident flux, the density of the charged particles and their Thomson differential cross section ( area / solid angle ).

This is because, among other reasons, according to the principle of mass-energy equivalence, if the Earth was absorbing the energy of the ultramundane flux at the rate necessary to produce the observed force of gravity ( i. e. by using the values calculated by Poincaré ), its mass would be doubling in each fraction of a second.

where is water flux, A is the hydraulic permeability of the membrane, Δπ is the difference in osmotic pressures on the two sides of the membrane, and ΔP is the difference in hydrostatic pressure ( negative values of indicating reverse osmotic flow ).

In an AC field, the reluctance is the ratio of the amplitude values for a sinusoidal MMF and magnetic flux.

Callicott has worked with conservation biologists to develop a philosophy of conservation and conservation values and ethics, based in part on the recent paradigm shift in ecology from what he calls the “ balance of nature ” to the “ flux of nature .” He has been a strong critic of the “ received wilderness idea ”: the idea that wildernesses are places that are “ untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain .” That idea, Callicott claims in The Great New Wilderness Debate ( 1998 ), perpetuates a pre-Darwinian human-nature dualism ; in effect, it “ erases ” from collective memory the indigenous inhabitants of North America and Australia, liberating the current inhabitants of those continents from disturbing thoughts of their own heritage of genocide.

The Free Chinese know that the situation on the Mainland is in flux, and are poised to strike.

Functional genomic and metagenomic approaches are increasing our understanding of the relative importance of different pathways and regulatory networks to carbon flux in particular environments and for particular compounds and they will certainly accelerate the development of bioremediation technologies and biotransformation processes.

Its subdivisions, and indeed its base, are somewhat in flux.

The outer edges of the Sun's corona are constantly being transported away due to open magnetic flux generating the solar wind.

Associated with sunspots are coronal loops, loops of magnetic flux, upwelling from the solar interior.

These loops are the closed-magnetic flux cousins of the open-magnetic flux that can be found in coronal hole ( polar ) regions and the solar wind.

It refers to the fact that all conditioned things ( sankhara ) are in a constant state of flux.

The units for magnetic flux Φ, which is the integral of magnetic field over an area, are the weber ( Wb ) in the SI and the maxwell ( Mx ) in the cgs system.

Hall probes are often used as magnetometers, i. e. to measure magnetic fields, or inspect materials ( such as tubing or pipelines ) using the principles of magnetic flux leakage.

Some of these circumstances are contact with human corpses or graves, seminal flux, vaginal flux, menstruation, and contact with people who have become impure from any of these.

Other characteristics found in this work are the unadorned dress, in which the eyes and hands have no competition from other details, the dramatic landscape background in which the world seems to be in a state of flux, the subdued colouring and the extremely smooth nature of the painterly technique, employing oils, but laid on much like tempera and blended on the surface so that the brushstrokes are indistinguishable.

Equivalent technical statements are that the sum total magnetic flux through any Gaussian surface is zero, or that the magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field.

In a geomagnetic storm, a surge in the flux of charged particles temporarily alters Earth's magnetic field, which induces electric fields in Earth's atmosphere, thus causing surges in our electrical power grid s. Artist's rendition ; sizes are not to scale.

Hydrostatic and elastic gauges measure pressure are directly influenced by force exerted on the surface by incident particle flux, and are called direct reading gauges.

Although all chemical reactions are technically reversible, conditions in the cell are often such that it is thermodynamically more favorable for flux to flow in one direction of a reaction.

The r process is thought to occur in supernova explosions because the conditions of high temperature, high neutron flux and ejected matter are present.

The sample and a standard are then packaged and irradiated in a suitable reactor at a constant, known neutron flux.

They are, besides, creating the whole with the intrinsic movement in the vacuum, producing the diverse flux of being.

The data for the first day indicate a meteor stream with a very high concentration of particles and may have led to the high estimates of micrometeorite flux.

these figures constitute the best estimate for the flux in interplanetary space near the Earth.

As the war drew to a close, Lincoln's presidential Reconstruction for the South was in flux ; having believed the federal government had limited responsibility to the millions of freedmen.

The subfamilial and tribal classification for the family is currently in a state of flux, with many of the groups being found to be grossly paraphyletic / polyphyletic.

He went on to plan and execute a major foundational programme for rebuilding the foundations of algebraic geometry, which were then in a state of flux and under discussion in Claude Chevalley's seminar ; he outlined his programme in his talk at the 1958 International Congress of Mathematicians.

Bird taxonomy has been in a state of flux for some years, and it is reasonable to expect that the large differences between different classification schemes will continue to gradually resolve themselves as more evidence becomes available.

This situation became a concern to gym owners because the inconsistencies caused coaches to keep their routines in a constant state of flux, detracting from time that could be better utilized for developing skills and providing personal attention to their athletes.

It can be shown that any stationary flux v ( r ) which is at least two times continuously differentiable in and vanishes sufficiently fast for can be decomposed into an irrotational part E ( r ) and a source-free part B ( r ).

... for at the moment that the observer approaches, then they become other ... so that you cannot get any further in knowing their nature or state .... but if that which knows and that which is known exist ever ... then I do not think they can resemble a process or flux ....

This relationship is only valid for linear ( non-saturated ) regions of the magnetic flux linkage and current relationship.

The high permeability of mu-metal provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, leading to its major use, in magnetic shields against static or slowly varying magnetic fields.

A critical role for the ER in calcium signaling was acknowledged before such a role for the mitochondria was widely accepted, in part because the low affinity of Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > channels localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane seemed to fly in the face of this organelle ’ s purported responsiveness to changes in intracellular Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > flux.

Several other experiments followed, with André-Marie Ampère, who in 1820 discovered that the magnetic field circulating in a closed-path was related to the current flowing through the perimeter of the path ; Carl Friedrich Gauss ; Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart, both of which in 1820 came up with the Biot-Savart Law giving an equation for the magnetic field from a current-carrying wire ; Michael Faraday, who in 1831 found that a time-varying magnetic flux through a loop of wire induced a voltage, and others finding further links between magnetism and electricity.

It also is used as an ingredient in flux coatings on welding rods, in some special greases, and as coatings for core and mold release compounds, facing agents, and mold washes in foundry applications.

A typical reactor used for activation uses uranium fission, providing a high neutron flux and the highest available sensitivities for most elements.

This is somewhat compensated for by placing the detector very close to the sample reducing the loss in sensitivity due to low flux.

PHWRs can be refueled while at full power, which makes them very efficient in their use of uranium ( it allows for precise flux control in the core ).

A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core, an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and one or more sets of contacts ( there are two in the relay pictured ).

A soldering iron stand keeps the iron away from flammable materials, and often also comes with a cellulose sponge and flux pot for cleaning the tip.