It would seem that the lineages of the Maned Wolf and the Falkland Islands Wolf separated in North America ; canids did not appear in South America until roughly 3 million years ago in a paleozoogeographical event called the Great American Biotic Interchange, in which the continents of North and South America were newly connected by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama three million years ago allowed camelids to spread to South America as part of the Great American Interchange, where they evolved further.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama joined the two continents two to three million years ago, precipitating the Great American Interchange, an important biogeographical event.

Much later, about 2 to 3 million years ago, South America was joined with North America by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which allowed a biotic exchange between the two continents, the Great American Interchange.

Its ancestors evolved in South America, but invaded North America in the Great American Interchange, which was enabled by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 million years ago.

A 2008 study of the genetics of Trogon suggested the genus originated in Central America and radiated into South America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama ( as part of the Great American Interchange ), thus making trogons relatively recent arrivals in South America.

* Isthmus ( formation of the shell membrane )

Megalonychids first reached North America by island-hopping, prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

Their invasion of South America as part of the Great American Interchange was enabled by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3 Ma ago.

The family diversified and prospered but remained confined to the North American continent until only about 2 or 3 million years ago, when representatives arrived in Asia, and ( as part of the Great American Interchange that followed the formation of the Isthmus of Panama ) South America.

Kinkajous evolved in Central America and invaded the formerly isolated continent of South America several million years ago, as part of the Great American Interchange, when formation of the Isthmus of Panama made it possible to do so.

At that time, the Isthmus of Panama had not yet formed, ocean currents and climate were quite different, and the Atlantic Ocean was less than the present width by about a third ; possibly 1, 000 km less, based on the current estimate of the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge formation processes spreading rate of 25 mm / year.

It would seem that the lineages of the maned wolf and the Falkland Islands wolf separated in North America ; canids did not appear in South America until roughly 3 million years ago in a paleozoogeographical event called the Great American Biotic Interchange, in which the continents of North and South America were newly connected by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

To the north lies the Médanos Isthmus, named for it found in a formation of dunes or sand fields that have been formed by persistent trade winds and ocean currents.

It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

This would have been shortly after the formation of the Panamanian Isthmus, allowing the ancestors of the two living species to migrate southward from their respective points of origin in Central America.

A well-documented example of vicariance in the marine realm was the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 million years ago, which resulted in the evolution of related ( geminate ) species pairs on the Atlantic and Pacific sides.

Scientists believe the formation of the Isthmus of Panama is one of the most important geologic events in the last 60 million years.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama also played a major role in biodiversity on the planet.

After tens of millions of years of relative isolation, Africa-Arabia collided with Eurasia, and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama linked South America and North America, facilitating the distribution of mammals seen today.

With the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3 million years ago, it ultimately lost its connection to the Pacific.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama led to the last and most conspicuous wave, the great interchange, around 3 Ma ago.

After the formation of the Isthmus of Panama in the latter part the Tertiary ( about 2. 5 million years ago in the Pliocene ), dogs migrated from North America to the southern continent as part of the Great American Interchange.

The Army of the Isthmus () was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War.

Also, whenever the number of contestants is uneven in formation of tribes ( in initial division or switching, but not merging ), the single-outed contestant will be treated as " tribeless " and sent to Exile Island immediately after formation ( as in Survivor: Panama, Survivor: Fiji, and Survivor: Gabon ).

The village is named after a large rock formation south of the village, called Panama Rocks.

The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by the formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of anti-Semitism, Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the Panama scandals of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word.

These movements led to the formation of the modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul, Acre, Roraima ) Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru.

In 1943, the Florida legislature approved the formation of an airport authority, the Panama City-Bay County Airport and Industrial District, to manage Fannin Field, or Panama City-Bay County Airport, as it became commonly known.

* September 7 – 8 – Six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats make a non-stop formation flight from Norfolk, Virginia, to the Panama Canal, covering in 25 hours 20 minutes.

Scientists assume that cholesterol ( from the Greek chole, meaning bile, and sterios, meaning solid ) is somehow necessary for the formation of brain cells, since it accounts for about 2% of the brain's total solid weight.

The fossiliferous deposits of the Burgess Shale correlate to the Stephen formation, a collection of slightly calcareous dark mudstones, about old.

Later reactivation of faults at the base of the formation led to its disintegration from about.

The orderly deposition of collagen fibers restricts the formation of osteoid to about 1 to 2 µm per day.

Separation between the formation of aircraft and their maneuver altitude is gradually reduced over the course of about two months in January and February.

Physical cosmology, as a branch of astronomy, is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution.

Evidence from Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background and structure formation suggests that about 23 % of the mass of the universe consists of non-baryonic dark matter, whereas only 4 % consists of visible, baryonic matter.

Someone puts an announcement on the dormitory bulletin board about the formation of an intramural dormitory basketball team.

In geology Darwin was very much Lyell's disciple, and brought back observations and his own original theorising, including ideas about the formation of atolls, which supported Lyell's uniformitarianism.

Certain bacteria, notably Pseudomonas syringae, are particularly effective at triggering frost formation, raising the nucleation temperature to about − 2 ° C.

While scientists have learned a great deal about ours and other galaxies, the most fundamental questions about formation and evolution remain only tentatively answered.

The current era of star formation is expected to continue for up to one hundred billion years, and then the " stellar age " will wind down after about ten trillion to one hundred trillion years ( 10 < sup > 13 </ sup >– 10 < sup > 14 </ sup > years ), as the smallest, longest-lived stars in our astrosphere, tiny red dwarfs, begin to fade.

Clusters of galaxies are the most recent and most massive objects to have arisen in the hierarchical structure formation of the universe and the study of clusters tells one about the way galaxies form and evolve.

On the other side, Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg insists that there is no real evidence about the very existence of the Median empire and that it was an unstable state formation.

True implantation-invasion into the endometrium of any sort-does not occur until about day 35 of pregnancy with the formation of the endometrial cups, and true placentation ( formation of the placenta ) is not initiated until about day 40-45 and not completed until about 140 days of pregnancy.

The architecture of his towers appears to be similar, but each project represents new ideas about the formation of highly sophisticated urban space at ground level.

Urea-formaldehyde resins were also used in this tanning method until dissatisfaction about the formation of free formaldehyde was realized.

* Spiralzoom. com an educational website about the science of pattern formation, spirals in nature, and spirals in the mythic imagination & labyrinths.