The formation of the Isthmus of Panama, about 3 Mya, joined South America to North America, allowing canids to invade the former, where they diversified.

It would seem that the lineages of the Maned Wolf and the Falkland Islands Wolf separated in North America ; canids did not appear in South America until roughly 3 million years ago in a paleozoogeographical event called the Great American Biotic Interchange, in which the continents of North and South America were newly connected by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama three million years ago allowed camelids to spread to South America as part of the Great American Interchange, where they evolved further.

Much later, about 2 to 3 million years ago, South America was joined with North America by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which allowed a biotic exchange between the two continents, the Great American Interchange.

Its ancestors evolved in South America, but invaded North America in the Great American Interchange, which was enabled by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 million years ago.

A 2008 study of the genetics of Trogon suggested the genus originated in Central America and radiated into South America after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama ( as part of the Great American Interchange ), thus making trogons relatively recent arrivals in South America.

* Isthmus ( formation of the shell membrane )

Megalonychids first reached North America by island-hopping, prior to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

Their invasion of South America as part of the Great American Interchange was enabled by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3 Ma ago.

The family diversified and prospered but remained confined to the North American continent until only about 2 or 3 million years ago, when representatives arrived in Asia, and ( as part of the Great American Interchange that followed the formation of the Isthmus of Panama ) South America.

Kinkajous evolved in Central America and invaded the formerly isolated continent of South America several million years ago, as part of the Great American Interchange, when formation of the Isthmus of Panama made it possible to do so.

At that time, the Isthmus of Panama had not yet formed, ocean currents and climate were quite different, and the Atlantic Ocean was less than the present width by about a third ; possibly 1, 000 km less, based on the current estimate of the Atlantic mid-ocean ridge formation processes spreading rate of 25 mm / year.

It would seem that the lineages of the maned wolf and the Falkland Islands wolf separated in North America ; canids did not appear in South America until roughly 3 million years ago in a paleozoogeographical event called the Great American Biotic Interchange, in which the continents of North and South America were newly connected by the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

To the north lies the Médanos Isthmus, named for it found in a formation of dunes or sand fields that have been formed by persistent trade winds and ocean currents.

It became attached to North America only recently, geologically speaking, with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama.

This would have been shortly after the formation of the Panamanian Isthmus, allowing the ancestors of the two living species to migrate southward from their respective points of origin in Central America.

A well-documented example of vicariance in the marine realm was the formation of the Isthmus of Panama about 3 million years ago, which resulted in the evolution of related ( geminate ) species pairs on the Atlantic and Pacific sides.

Scientists believe the formation of the Isthmus of Panama is one of the most important geologic events in the last 60 million years.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama also played a major role in biodiversity on the planet.

After tens of millions of years of relative isolation, Africa-Arabia collided with Eurasia, and the formation of the Isthmus of Panama linked South America and North America, facilitating the distribution of mammals seen today.

With the formation of the Isthmus of Panama 3 million years ago, it ultimately lost its connection to the Pacific.

The formation of the Isthmus of Panama led to the last and most conspicuous wave, the great interchange, around 3 Ma ago.

After the formation of the Isthmus of Panama in the latter part the Tertiary ( about 2. 5 million years ago in the Pliocene ), dogs migrated from North America to the southern continent as part of the Great American Interchange.

The Army of the Isthmus () was a formation of the Finnish Army during the Winter War.

Also, whenever the number of contestants is uneven in formation of tribes ( in initial division or switching, but not merging ), the single-outed contestant will be treated as " tribeless " and sent to Exile Island immediately after formation ( as in Survivor: Panama, Survivor: Fiji, and Survivor: Gabon ).

The village is named after a large rock formation south of the village, called Panama Rocks.

The success of both was regarded as a popular ratification of the republic, and though continually harassed by the formation and dissolution of ephemeral ministries, by socialist outbreaks, and the beginnings of anti-Semitism, Carnot had only one serious crisis to surmount, the Panama scandals of 1892, which, if they greatly damaged the prestige of the state, increased the respect felt for its head, against whose integrity none could breathe a word.

These movements led to the formation of the modern-day republics of Peru, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil ( Rio Grande do Sul, Acre, Roraima ) Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago in the territories that at one point or another had constituted the Viceroyalty of Peru.

In 1943, the Florida legislature approved the formation of an airport authority, the Panama City-Bay County Airport and Industrial District, to manage Fannin Field, or Panama City-Bay County Airport, as it became commonly known.

* September 7 – 8 – Six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats make a non-stop formation flight from Norfolk, Virginia, to the Panama Canal, covering in 25 hours 20 minutes.

Following the formation of baseball's first professional organization, the National Association of Professional Baseball Players, which became known as the National Association, the Association, or NA, in 1871, Spalding joined the Boston Red Stockings ( precursor club to the modern Atlanta Braves ) and was highly successful ; winning 206 games ( and losing only 53 ) as a pitcher and batting. 323 as a hitter.

This was followed by the formation of St. John Ambulance in 1877, based on the principles of the Knights Hospitaller, to teach first aid, and numerous other organization joined them with the term first aid first coined in 1878 as civilian ambulance services spread as a combination of " first treatment " and " national aid " in large railway centres and mining districts as well as with police forces.

Honduras later joined the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide, a fact which lasted until the formation of the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.

Given MLB's refusal to consider expansion, Kirksey, Cullinan, Smith, and Hofheinz joined forces with would-be owners from other cities and announced the formation of a new league to compete with the established National and American Leagues.

During the war, Alexander Dubček joined the Communist Party of Slovakia ( KSS ), which had been created after the formation of the Slovak state and in 1948 was transformed into the Slovak branch of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia ( KSČ ).

At the county's formation, Hingham and Hull were to be part of it, but joined Plymouth County instead, leaving Cohasset as an exclave of Norfolk County and an enclave of Plymouth County.

Before forming the Mountain West Conference, seven of the eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference ; half were WAC charter members at its formation in 1962-UNLV had only joined the WAC in 1996.

Mercury Rev is often compared to The Flaming Lips, and in fact share close ties: soon after the band's formation, Donahue also joined the Flaming Lips as second guitarist and appeared on two of their albums ; and since the 1990 album In a Priest Driven Ambulance, Dave Fridmann has co-produced every Flaming Lips studio album to date except 1993's Transmissions from the Satellite Heart.

Lemarchand and Satyr both joined the band shortly after the formation, but after the recording of the first demo the two founders left the band – Exhurtum would later go on to become drummer in Ulver and guitarist in several other bands, while Wargod left the music business.

Editing Doug Moench's The Wanderers, Berger was joined on issue # 5 ( Oct 1988 ) by co-editor Art Young, who would also later be instrumental in the formation of Vertigo.

After long cabinet formation talks the three PAK-parties formed an extra-parliamentary cabinet joined by progressive members of the Protestant Anti Revolutionary Party ( ARP ) and the Catholic People's Party ( KVP ).

Mulcahy joined the Irish Volunteers at the time of their formation in 1913 and was also a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood and the Gaelic League.

Some Communists also joined Labour, whereas other Communists tried a failed merger endeavor which culminated in the formation of the Arbeiderklassens Samlingsparti.

In December of that year he joined his brother and some others in the formation of the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel at Home ," in building chapels or " tabernacles " for congregations, in supporting missionaries, and in maintaining institutions for the education of young men to carry on the work of evangelization.

In 1920, after having served in the Navy for eighteen months, he joined a jazz formation named the Carolina Five, and remained a member for the next three years, playing small clubs and boat rides all around New York City.

Another major historic rival is the University of Nebraska, which was part of the Big 8 Conference with Oklahoma and later joined with Oklahoma and other schools in the formation of the Big 12 Conference. The Sooners made football history December 6, 2008, when they scored sixty or more points in five consecutive games.

Additionally, since the metals joined are not melted in the process, the components retain their original shape ; edges and contours are not eroded or changed by the formation of a fillet.

As a radical member of the Progressive Party, Macphail joined the socialist Ginger Group, faction of the Progressive Party that later led to the formation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ).

Twelve district councilors joined the party on its formation, a share that increased to 37 seats in the 1994 elections and 83 in 1999.

The rest of the advance party of the Alsos Mission moved to Normandy in August 1944, where it joined T-Force, a similar formation to S-Force, at Rambouillet, where it was preparing for the liberation of Paris.

Exercising its sovereignty once again on 29 October 1918, the Sabor decided on independence from Austria-Hungary and formation of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs which later joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Williams joined the Labour Party in 1969, but left to join the SDP at the formation of the party in 1981 and represented it and subsequently the Liberal Democrats on Powys County Council.