* Individuals with expressive aphasia ( also called Broca's aphasia ) were once thought to have frontal lobe damage, though more recent work by Dr. Nina Dronkers using imaging and ' lesion analysis ' has revealed that patients with Expressive aphasia have lesions to the medial insular cortex.

Damage to a region of the motor association cortex in the left frontal lobe ( Broca's area ) disrupts the ability to speak.

Individuals with Expressive aphasia often have right-sided weakness or paralysis of the arm and leg, because the frontal lobe is also important for body movement.

By examining the brains of deceased individuals having acquired expressive aphasia in life, he concluded that language ability is localized in the ventroposterior region of the frontal lobe.

There are four main groups of epileptic syndrome which can be further divided into: benign Rolandic epilepsy, frontal lobe epilepsy, infantile spasms, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, childhood absence epilepsy ( pyknolepsy ), hot water epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Dravet syndrome, progressive myoclonus epilepsies, reflex epilepsy, Rasmussen's syndrome, temporal lobe epilepsy, limbic epilepsy, status epilepticus, abdominal epilepsy, massive bilateral myoclonus, catamenial epilepsy, Jacksonian seizure disorder, Lafora disease, photosensitive epilepsy, etc.

* Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy ( ADNFLE ) is an idiopathic localization-related epilepsy that is an inherited epileptic disorder that causes seizures during sleep.

* Frontal lobe epilepsy, usually a symptomatic or cryptogenic localization-related epilepsy, arises from lesions causing seizures that occur in the frontal lobes of the brain.

The planning and attention / arousal components comes from structures located in the frontal lobe, and the simultaneous and successive processes come from structures located in the posterior region of the cortex.

Dahmer got the idea that he could turn his victims into " zombies " — completely submissive, eternally youthful sexual partners – and attempted to do so by drilling holes into their skulls and injecting hydrochloric acid or boiling water into the frontal lobe area of their brains with a large syringe, usually while the victim was still alive.

Reduced glutamate function is linked to poor performance on tests requiring frontal lobe and hippocampal function, and glutamate can affect dopamine function, both of which have been implicated in schizophrenia, have suggested an important mediating ( and possibly causal ) role of glutamate pathways in the condition.

The study also sought to locate the exact site of the lesion in the frontal lobe in relation to what is now called Broca's area with the extent of subcortical involvement.

After his death, a lesion was discovered on the surface of the left frontal lobe.

At autopsy, a lesion was also found in the same region of lateral frontal lobe as in Leborgne.

The frontal lobe of the brain controls a number of advanced cognitive functions, as well as motor control.

Motor control is located at the rear of the frontal lobe, and is usually unaffected by psychosurgery.

It targets the lower medial quadrant of the frontal lobes, severing connections between the limbic system and supra-orbital part of the frontal lobe.

* Phineas Gage, who famously suffered an accident in 1848 which destroyed most or all of his left frontal lobe, and who is often incorrectly said to have undergone " the first lobotomy ," or ( also incorrectly ) to have inspired or influenced the development of lobotomy.

Human brain | Brain animation: left frontal lobe highlighted in red.

According to Damasio, decision-making regions of the brain are connected to the emotional centers, even after damage to the frontal lobe, a theory he tested on a subject referred to as E. V. R., who also had frontal lobe damage, specifically bilateral damage to his orbitofrontal cortices during removal of a brain tumor.

Eslinger and Damasio concluded that E. V. R lacked sympathetically mediated skin conductance responses to neutral and emotional visual images and that frontal lobe damage doesn ’ t affect memory or intelligence, but the emotional and cognitive centers of the brain.

Optic ataxia is usually part of Balint's syndrome, but can be seen in isolation with injuries to the superior parietal lobule, as it represents a disconnection between visual-association cortex and the frontal premotor and motor cortex, and ataxic respiration ( lack of coordination in respiratory movements, usually due to dysfunction of the respiratory centres in the medulla oblongata ).

The tank is an all terrain AFV designed primarily to engage enemy forces by the use of direct fire in the frontal assault role.

This is because abstract concepts elicit greater brain activity in the inferior frontal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus compared to concrete concepts when concrete concepts elicit greater activity in the posterior cingulate, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and parahippocampal gyrus.

The zoologist Desmond Morris proposed that the rounded shape of a woman's breasts evolved as frontal, secondary sex characteristic that is a sexual-attraction counterpart to the buttocks, and so encouraged frontal copulation, the reason being that while other primates mate by means of the rear-entry position, the upright, bipedal human being was likelier to successfully copulate face to face in the missionary position.

There is substantial evidence that a " top-down " flow of neural activity ( i. e., activity propagating from the frontal cortex to sensory areas ) is more predictive of conscious awareness than a " bottom-up " flow of activity.

A great deal is known about low-level signal processing in sensory systems, but the ways by which sensory systems interact with each other, with " executive " systems in the frontal cortex, and with the language system are very incompletely understood.

Expressive aphasia ( non-fluent aphasia ), also known as Broca's aphasia in clinical neuropsychology and agrammatic aphasia in cognitive neuropsychology, is caused by damage to, or developmental issues in the anterior regions of the brain, including ( but not limited to ) the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus or inferior frontal operculum known as Broca's area ( Brodmann area 44 and Brodmann area 45 ).

A KUB is a plain frontal supine radiograph of the abdomen.

Kuniyoshi Sakai proposed, based on several neuroimaging studies, that there may be a " grammar center ", where language is primarily processed in the left lateral premotor cortex ( located near the pre central sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus ).

Recently, it has been demonstrated that a dedicated network in the human brain ( crucially involving Broca's area, a portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus ), is selectively activated by complex verbal structures ( but not simple ones ) of those languages that meet the Universal Grammar requirements.

This is an intermediate directional positioning, between the wrestler's more frontal positioning and the boxer's more sideways stance and is consistent with the need to preserve both the option of using striking and protecting the center line of the body and the option of applying grappling techniques.

A film within a film, the title is a film industry reference to an actor or actress appearing fully nude ( a. k. a., " full frontal nudity ").

Functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI ) has found abnormal activation in the right frontal operculum ( RFO ), which is an area associated with time-estimation tasks, occasionally incorporated in complex speech.

The skull of the tiger is very similar to that of the lion, though the frontal region is usually not as depressed or flattened, with a slightly longer postorbital region.

A further advantage of the Wankel engine for use in aircraft is the fact that a Wankel engine generally has a smaller frontal area than a piston engine of equivalent power, allowing a more aerodynamic nose to be designed around it.

Indeed, as Kotowicz notes, his attention was drawn more to the case presented by Richard Brickner, at the same conference, of a patient who had had his frontal lobes ablated and, while experiencing a flattening of affect, had suffered no apparent decrease in intellect.

Among other photographers and artists she befriended during her career, she was close to photographer Richard Avedon ; he was approximately the same age, his family had also run a Fifth Avenue department store, and many of his photographs were also characterized as detailed frontal poses.

Since this tends to be a rather large area compared to the projected frontal area, the resulting drag coefficients tend to be low: much lower than for a car with the same drag and frontal area, and at the same speed.

The proximate cause for contagious yawning may lie with mirror neurons in the frontal cortex of certain vertebrates, which, upon being exposed to a stimulus from conspecific ( same species ) and occasionally interspecific organisms, activates the same regions in the brain.

These are important, as impact forces ( approximately ) remain the same as with a frontal impact test, but a smaller fraction of the car is required to absorb all of the force.

Instead, he proposes a " Visual Predation Hypothesis ," which argues that ancestral primates were insectivorous predators resembling tarsiers, subject to the same selection pressure for frontal vision as other predatory species.

The engine, although technically the same as the earlier 16V cars, was remapped to give 210 bhp ( 157 kW ) at 5750 rpm in order to compensate for the slight increase in weight and increased frontal area.

At the same time, Liu integrated regular forces with militia, using frontal attack and bushfighting to frustrate the Japanese army ’ s suppression and clean-out efforts.

This allowed the tank to be driven backwards at the same speed as forwards, keeping its frontal armour pointed at the enemy.

The Mk II gained a ' flagged ' 3 star rating in EuroNCAP testing, which was average for rivals of its time ( the same as the Vauxhall Vectra, better than the Citroën Xantia and Peugeot 406, and worse than the Nissan Primera ). The cars structure suffering excessive footwell intrusion in the frontal impact and a disturbing B pillar displacement in the side test.

Gestures are processed in the same areas of the brain as speech and sign language such as the left inferior frontal gyrus ( Broca's area ) and the posterior middle temporal gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus and superior temporal gyrus ( Wernicke's area ).

Patients who have experienced frontal lobe trauma may know the appropriate response to a situation but display inappropriate to those same situations in “ real life .” Similarly, emotions that are felt may not be expressed in the face or voice.

The Hillman Hunter was rebranded as the Chrysler Hunter for the UK market in September 1977, receiving at the same time a four headlight frontal treatment similar to that of the Hunter GLS model and the Humber Sceptre.

First units of the Red Army appeared at the battlefield in the middle of day ( the 3rd Mechanized Corps ) and engaged in frontal assault at 8 p. m. the same day without any success.

It can be distinguished from a related species that occurs in the same area by the number of frontal teeth on the carapace ; C. sapidus has four, while C. ornatus has six.

They tend to remain essentially in the same area for extended periods of time, and waves sometimes propagate along the frontal boundary.

This is most common over the open ocean as the temperature of the ocean surface is usually the same on both sides of the frontal boundary and modifies the air masses on either side of it to correspond to its own temperature.

With a frontal lobe resembling that of a dolphin, Abe is able to transmit and receive electro-psychic information in the same way that cetaceans use sonar.

From the same layer, several statuettes in the round are also known, in very rigid and frontal style.