Many advances in photographic glass plates and printing were made in through the 19th century.

Using a 5-inch photographic camera, he manually examined over 200 three-hour exposures with a magnifying glass, and found no planets.

Adaptations of the gelatin process have remained the primary black-and-white photographic process to this day, differing primarily in the film material itself, originally glass and then a variety of flexible films.

Early photographic cameras were usually in the form of a pair of nested boxes, the end of one carrying the lens and the end of the other carrying a removable ground glass focusing screen.

View cameras use a ground glass screen which is removed and replaced by either a photographic plate or a reusable holder containing sheet film before exposure.

The images, scanned from photographic prints, glass negatives and rare publications, visually document the communities of Cle Elum, Roslyn and other towns and villages in western Kittitas County.

* Institute for Stained Glass in Canada, over 2200 photos ; a multi-year photographic survey of Canada's stained glass heritage

The use of flexible rollfim in the cameras meant that the cameras were light and portable and could be used without the encumbrance of tripods and the attendant difficulty of using glass photographic plates which were typical of earlier cameras.

* 1885-American inventors George Eastman and Hannibal Goodwin each invent a sensitized celluloid base roll photographic film to replace the glass plates then in use.

Twenty observatories from around the world participated in exposing and measuring more than 22, 000 ( glass ) photographic plates in an enormous observing programme extending over several decades.

During the 1880s the collodion process, in turn, was largely replaced by gelatin dry plates — glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin.

Most photographic filters are made up of two pieces of optical glass glued together with some form of image or light manipulation material between the glass.

Edison's original idea involved recording pinpoint photographs, 1 / 32 of an inch wide, directly on to a cylinder ( also referred to as a " drum "); the cylinder, made of an opaque material for positive images or of glass for negatives, was coated in collodion to provide a photographic base.

In 1851, Frederick Scott Archer, an Englishman, discovered that collodion could be used as an alternative to egg white ( albumen ) on glass photographic plates.

Inside and outside of area-based isolations, digital filtration can be applied to soften, sharpen or mimic the effects of traditional glass photographic filters in nearly infinite degrees.

* Frederick Scott Archer-inventor of the collodion process, the first photographic emulsion used to create glass negatives.

The statue is of a woman wrapped in photographic film, looking straight up, with her left hand stretched upwards and holding a glass sphere containing a light.

The glass used for photographic plates at the time was not perfectly flat, and lack of uniform good contact between the screen and the image gave rise to areas of degraded color.

Astrophotography uses specialised photographic film ( or usually a glass plate coated with photographic emulsion ), but there are a number of drawbacks, particularly a low quantum efficiency, of the order of 3 %, whereas CCDs can be tuned for a QE > 90 % in a narrow band.

* glass in television and photographic products ( e. g., CRT television screens and camera lenses )

In the photographic process, a large-format glass plate negative is contact-copied onto a low contrast film or plate to create a positive.

Over 40, 000 of Wilson's photographic glass plates still exist today, largely due to the meticulous washing and chemical treatments he insisted on.

It must be remembered that the fiber plates replace a glass window and a ( mica ) membrane, in addition to an optical output lens system.

In astronomy, Celsius began a series of observations using colored glass plates to record the magnitude ( a measure of brightness ) of certain stars.

This work was originally drawn on glass plates but later plastic film was introduced, with the advantages of being lighter, using less storage space and being less brittle, among others.

The new gunner's seat is protected by high steel plates with bullet-proof glass windows.

Addenbrook ( 1922 ) found that in a dissectible jar made of paraffin wax, or glass baked to remove moisture, the charge remained on the metal plates.

Anodic bonding of glass plates or additional silicon wafers is used for adding features in the third dimension and for hermetic encapsulation.

Originally from 8 x 10 glass plates

A riot ensued, with the patrons of the cafeteria slinging cups, plates, and saucers, and breaking the plate glass windows in the front of the restaurant, and returning several days later to smash the windows again after they were replaced.

The filings were placed in a tube of glass or ebonite and were held between two metal plates.

Brewster's angle is often referred to as the " polarizing angle ", because light that reflects from a surface at this angle is entirely polarized perpendicular to the incident plane (" s-polarized ") A glass plate or a stack of plates placed at Brewster's angle in a light beam can, thus, be used as a polarizer.

Over time, windows were built that both protected the inhabitants from the elements and transmitted light: mullioned glass windows, which joined multiple small pieces of glass with leading, paper windows, flattened pieces of translucent animal horn, and plates of thinly sliced marble.

On 8 July 1680, Hooke observed the nodal patterns associated with the modes of vibration of glass plates.

The collodion wet plate process that gradually replaced the Daguerreotype during the 1850s required photographers to coat and sensitize thin glass or iron plates shortly before use and expose them in the camera while still wet.

The earliest cameras produced in significant numbers used sensitised glass plates and are now termed plate cameras.

It was composed of glass plates turned by a motor.

In making aquariums, manufacturers now commonly use 100 % silicone sealant to join glass plates.

Friese-Greene realised that glass plates would never be a practical medium for true moving pictures and in 1885 he began to experiment with oiled paper and by 1887 was experimenting with celluloid as a medium for motion picture cameras.

The T95 featured " siliceous-cored armor " which contained a plate of fused silica glass between rolled steel plates.

Gels are usually polymerized between two glass plates in a gel caster, with a comb inserted at the top to create the sample wells.

The stage usually has arms to hold slides ( rectangular glass plates with typical dimensions of 25 × 75 mm, on which the specimen is mounted ).

The Duplate Department was opened to produce auto glass made of plastic laminated between two plates of one-eighth inch plate glass.