The legacies of the modernist school, such as historian Lo Hsiang-lin ( 1906 – 1978 ) and the traditionalist school, as represented by historian Chien Mu ( 1895 – 1990 ) remain strong in Chinese circles.

According to historian of Communism Archie Brown, the memory of the Cultural Revolution, where a form of mass political mobilization turned against the Party and resulted in chaotic destruction, may account for the reticence of educated Chinese to press for an end to one-party rule.

Chan 1963: 35-37 ), by Chinese historian Sima Qian ( ca.

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

A Chinese historian of astronomy, Xi Zezong, has claimed that a " small reddish star " observed near Jupiter in 362 BC by Chinese astronomer Gan De may have been Ganymede, predating Galileo's discovery by around two millennia.

The historian Kenneth Scott Latourette said that " the Portuguese had chiefly themselves to thank " for the massacres the Chinese committed against them.

Other films shot in widescreen were the musical Happy Days ( 1929 ) which premiered at the Roxy Theater, New York City, on February 13, 1930, starring Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell and a 12 year old Betty Grable as a chorus girl ; Song o ’ My Heart, a musical feature starring Irish tenor John McCormack and directed by Frank Borzage ( Seventh Heaven, A Farewell to Arms ), which was shipped from the labs on March 17, 1930, but never released and may no longer survive, according to film historian Miles Kreuger ( the 35mm version, however, debuted in New York on March 11, 1930 ); and the western The Big Trail ( 1930 ) starring John Wayne and Tyrone Power, Sr. which premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on October 2, 1930, all of which were also made in the 70mm Fox Grandeur process.

* Shao Yong, Chinese poet, historian, and philosopher

* Ouyang Xiu, Chinese statesman, historian, archaeological epigapher, essayist, and poet

* Shao Yong, Chinese historian, poet, and philosopher

* Sima Guang, Song Chinese chancellor and court historian

* Zeng Gong, Chinese historian, travel writer, and poet

* Starting in the year 309 BC, the later Chinese historian Sima Qian ( 145 BC – 90 BC ) wrote that the Qin-employed engineer Bi Ling of the newly conquered State of Shu in Sichuan had the shoulder of a mountain cut through, making the ' Separated Hill ' that abated the Mo River, and excavated two canals in the plain of Chengdu.

* Ban Biao, Chinese historian ( b. 3 )

Sima Qian, a great historian and established Chinese historiography.

* Sima Qian, Chinese historian, father of Chinese historiography

Chinese historian and author of the Zuo Zhuan.

* September 23 – Denis Twitchett, Cambridge scholar and Chinese historian ( d. 2006 )

* Ban Biao, Chinese historian ( d. 54 )

* Ban Zhao, Chinese historian

* Chinese historian Ban Gu develops a theory of the origins of the universe.

* Ban Gu, Chinese historian ( b. 32 )

`` History has this in common with every other science: that the historian is not allowed to claim any single piece of knowledge, except where he can justify his claim by exhibiting to himself in the first place, and secondly to any one else who is both able and willing to follow his demonstration, the grounds upon which it is based.

Hume was an early cultural historian of science.

He was also a renowned taxonomist, tropical explorer, ornithologist, and historian of science.

This Wöhler Myth, as historian of science Peter J. Ramberg called it, originated from a popular history of chemistry published in 1931, which, " ignoring all pretense of historical accuracy, turned Wöhler into a crusader who made attempt after attempt to synthesize a natural product that would refute vitalism and lift the veil of ignorance, until ' one afternoon the miracle happened '".

His son George is a historian of science, one of whose books is Project Orion: The Atomic Spaceship 1957 – 1965.

According to science and technology historian Bert S. Hall: " It goes without saying, however, that historians bent on special pleading, or simply with axes of their own to grind, can find rich material in these terminological thickets.

The historian Clinton Rossiter called the Federalist Papers “ the most important work in political science that ever has been written, or is likely ever to be written, in the United States .” They were not scholarly arguments or impartial justifications for the constitution, but political polemics intended to assist the federalists in New York, which was the only state to have a coordinated anti-federalist movement.

After having thoroughly read Pasteur's lab notes, the science historian Gerald L. Geison declared Pasteur had given a misleading account of the preparation of the anthrax vaccine used in the experiment at Pouilly-le-Fort.

Oswald Manuel Arnold Gottfried Spengler ( 29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936 ) was a German historian and philosopher whose interests also included mathematics, science, and art.

The term " Physicist " was coined by English philosopher, priest, and historian of science William Whewell in 1840, to denote a cultivator of physics.

An epistemological paradigm shift was called a " scientific revolution " by epistemologist and historian of science Thomas Kuhn in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell coined the term scientist in 1833, and it was first published in Whewell's anonymous 1834 review of Mary Somerville's On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences published in the Quarterly Review.

In much the same way, American historian of science Thomas Kuhn addressed the structural formations of science in his seminal work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Stephen Jay Gould ( September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002 ) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

Gould was also a considerably respected historian of science.

Historian Ronald Numbers has been quoted as saying: " I can't say much about Gould's strengths as a scientist, but for a long time I've regarded him as the second most influential historian of science ( next to Thomas Kuhn ).

In recent years, Oxford historian Peter Harrison has further developed the idea that the Protestant Reformation had a significant and positive influence on the development of modern science.

More recently, sociologist and historian of science Steven Shapin opened his book, The Scientific Revolution, with the paradoxical statement: " There was no such thing as the Scientific Revolution, and this is a book about it.

A more recent study by science historian John van Wyhe has determined that the idea that Darwin delayed publication only dates back to the 1940s, and Darwin's contemporaries thought the time he took was reasonable.

The Mismeasure of Man is a book by Harvard evolutionary biologist, paleontologist, and historian of science Stephen Jay Gould, published in 1981.

As an evolutionary biologist and historian of science, Gould accepted biological variability ( the premise of the transmission of intelligence via genetic heredity ), but opposed biological determinism, which posits that genes determine a definitive, unalterable social destiny for each man and each woman in life and society.

* Abraham Pais ( physicist, science historian )

Wells, English science fiction writer and historian ( b. 1866 )

* March 6 – William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher, and historian of science ( b. 1794 )