The terms architect and architecture are also used in the disciplines of landscape architecture, naval architecture and often information technology ( for example a software architect ).

Aachen's predominant economic focus is on science, engineering, information technology and related sectors.

In Richard K. Morgan's Takeshi Kovacs novels human colonies on distant planets maintain contact with earth and each other via hyperspatial needlecast, a technology which moves information "... so close to instantaneously that scientists are still arguing about the terminology ...".

In 2001, it achieved high rankings in the annual Maclean's University Rankings, including Best Overall for Primarily Undergraduate University in their opinion survey, and it received the Canadian Information Productivity Award in 1997 as it was praised as the first university in Canada to fully utilize information technology in the undergraduate curriculum.

The ACM Fellows Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 " to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM.

The ACM presents or co – presents a number of awards for outstanding technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.

Access to famous persons, too, became more and more restricted ; potential visitors would be forced through numerous different checks before being granted access to the official in question, and as communication became better and information technology more prevalent, it has become all but impossible for a would-be killer to get close enough to the personage at work or in private life to effect an attempt on his or her life, especially given the common use of metal and bomb detectors.

On July 17, 1996, Clinton issued Executive Order 13011 – Federal Information Technology, ordering the heads of all federal agencies to utilize information technology fully to make the information of the agency easily accessible to the public.

Bluetooth technology provides a way to exchange information between wireless devices such as personal digital assistants ( PDAs ), mobile phones, laptops, computers, printers and digital cameras via a secure, low-cost, globally available short-range radio frequency band.

Verbatim translations were sent solely to the Naval Intelligence Division ( NID ) of the Admiralty's Operational Intelligence Centre ( OIC ) supplemented by information from indexes as to the meaning of technical terms and abbreviations, and cross-referenced information from a store of knowledge of German naval technology.

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

To transmit information Serial Back-Plane technology uses a low voltage differential signaling transmission method for sending information.

Biotechnology draws on the pure biological sciences ( genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology ) and in many instances it is also dependent on knowledge and methods from outside the sphere of biology ( chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics ).

Life science, information technology and shipping are important sectors, and research & development plays a major role in the city's economy.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also defines the communication to include the display of text, Braille, tactile communication, large print, accessible multimedia, as well as written and plain language, human-reader, augmentative and alternative modes, means and formats of communication, including accessible information and communication technology.

Computer science or computing science ( abbreviated CS or compsci ) is the scientific and mathematical approach in information technology and computing.

Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of electrical engineering, telecommunications, computer science, information technology or computer engineering, since it relies upon the theoretical and practical application of these disciplines.

The computer industry is made up of all of the businesses involved in developing computer software, designing computer hardware and computer networking infrastructures, the manufacture of computer components and the provision of information technology services including System Administration and Maintenance.

Spintronics is a new area of technology that can be used for information processing and transmission, and is based on spin, rather than electron transport.

Also growing more popular are ethnographies of professional communities, such as laboratory researchers, Wall Street investors, law firms, or information technology ( IT ) computer employees.

The IT University focuses exclusively on information technology and offers Bachelor and Master programmes with degrees issued from either Chalmers or Gothenburg University, depending on the programme.

It features advanced science, such as information technology and cybernetics, coupled with a degree of breakdown or radical change in the social order.

Moreover, the current information on what types of training are needed and possible is too limited and fragmentary.

According to Autodesk company information, the AutoCAD software is now used in a range of industries, employed by architects, project managers and engineers, amongst other professions, and as of 1994 there had been 750 training centers established across the world to educate users about the company's primary products.

Other examples could be inefficient or inappropriate information systems, a lack of supervision or training, and a lack of clarity in roles and responsibilities which can lead to staff being uncertain about what is expected of them.

CRM training needs to cover two types of information: relational knowledge and technological knowledge.

Dignity and Respect, the U. S. Army's 2001 training guide on the homosexual conduct policy, gave official guidelines on what can be considered credible information of someone's homosexuality.

" Its primary functions in this area, according to Article III, are to encourage research and development, to secure or provide materials, services, equipment and facilities for Member States, to foster exchange of scientific and technical information and training.

The never ending process of information security involves ongoing training, assessment, protection, monitoring & detection,

The information obtained from a job analysis is then used to create job-relevant selection procedures, performance appraisals and criteria, or training programs.

Examples of enabling resources include facilities, equipment, information, training and leadership.

To successfully transition from being an outsider to a full-fledged member of an organization, an employee typically needs job-related training as well as more general information about the culture of the organization.

However, Ibn al-Shaykh's information lacks details concerning the individual Iraqis involved, the specific CB materials associated with the assistance and the location where the alleged training occurred.

" Nasiri explains that learning how to withstand interrogations and supply false information once captured was a key part of the training in the camps.

This includes promoting the information literacy skills training considered vital across the library profession.

Learning objects go by many names, including content objects, chunks, educational objects, information objects, intelligent objects, knowledge bits, knowledge objects, learning components, media objects, reusable curriculum components, nuggets, reusable information objects, reusable learning objects, testable reusable units of cognition, training components, and units of learning.

Other functions include training of those entities with legal obligations to report information, development of laws and regulations to support national-level AML objectives, and international and regional cooperation in the development of AML typologies and countermeasures.

With a view to making the best use of communication facilities for information, publicity and development, the Government of India in 1962-63 sought the advice of the Ford Foundation / UNESCO team of internationally known mass communication specialists who recommended the setting up of a national institute for training, teaching and research in mass communication.

The website contains information on the background of data collection, jurisdictions currently collecting data, community groups, legislation that is pending and enacted in states across the country, and has information on planning and implementing data collection procedures, training officers in to implement these systems, and analyzing and reporting the data and results.

The Faculty of Technical and Trades Innovation includes trades training and para-professional education in areas such as engineering, information technology, building and construction, hospitality and personal services.

Less information is available about the education of Spartan girls, but they seem to have gone through a fairly extensive formal educational cycle, broadly similar to that of the boys but with less emphasis on military training.

Vocational high schools offer hands-on training to students that prepares them for careers in fields such as information technology, marketing, business, engineering and the medical professions.

NIH works toward that mission by conducting research in its own laboratories, supporting the research of non-federal scientists ( in universities, medical schools, hospitals, and research institutions throughout the country and abroad ), helping in the training of research investigators, and fostering communication of medical and health sciences information.

The virtual management could be introduced as a part of the virtual human capital development, which has been introduced by Hanandi and Grimaldi 2010, The VHRD model is an approach of utilizing the captured knowledge and information inside the enterprise environment ( top management, external expertise, knowledge worker, workforce ), and leveraging this knowledge to a dynamic T & D e-content for developing and enhancing the human capital competitive advantage, This model focuses on rendering the human capital with the skills needed and driving their performance to face any future situation and solve it, by capturing the knowledge object during the interaction activities between the users and reuse it in producing a dynamic e-content for the training and development purpose and in the same adding value for the enterprise competitive advantage.

There are 25 scientific R & D institutions focusing on telecommunications, radio technology, theoretical and applied physics, and 33 higher educational institutions, among them are Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Nizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod Technical University, as well as Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Information Technologies ( former MERA Networks training center ), that focuses on information technologies, software development, system administration, telecommunications, cellular networks, Internet technologies, and IT management.