This innovation was not introduced without a struggle, ecclesiastical dignity being regarded as inconsistent with the higher spiritual life, but, before the close of the 5th century, at least in the East, abbots seem almost universally to have become deacons, if not priests.

This was a time of innovation as electric lighting was introduced in the Reading Room and exhibition galleries.

The late twentieth century saw a flurry of creativity and innovation in the Chianti zones as producers experimented with new grape varieties and introduced modern wine-making techniques such as the use of new oak barrels.

BOOTP introduced the innovation of a relay agent, which allowed the forwarding of BOOTP packets off the local network using standard IP routing, thus one central BOOTP server could serve hosts on many IP subnets.

In 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair, Thomas Edison introduced to the public two pioneering inventions based on this innovation ; the Kinetograph – the first practical moving picture camera – and the Kinetoscope.

An interesting innovation was introduced in Russia in the judicial reform of Alexander II: unlike in modern jury trials, jurors decided not only whether the defendant was guilty or not guilty, but they had the third choice: " Guilty, but not to be punished ", since Alexander II believed that justice without morality is wrong.

Concert versions have a switch mechanism ( similar to semitone levers on a modern folk harp ) for making sharps and flats, an innovation developed introduced by Paul Salminen in the 1920s.

Another innovation was the continuous dampening system first introduced by Dahlgren instead of the old method which is still used on older presses ( conventional dampening ), which are rollers covered with molleton ( cloth ) which absorbs the water.

Another innovation of the PA-RISC was the addition of vectorized instructions ( SIMD ) in the form of MAX, which were first introduced on the PA-7100LC.

The addition of tobacco leaf to the chewing mixture is a relatively recent innovation, as tobacco was not introduced from the American continent until the colonial era.

Its history of innovation began with its founding, when André-Gustave Citroën introduced the first industrial mass production of vehicles outside the United States, a technique he developed while mass-producing armaments for the French military in World War I.

However, an innovation was introduced to make the finale of the pentathlon more exciting.

A RAM drive innovation introduced in 1987 by Perry Kivolowitz for AmigaOS was the ability of the RAM drive to survive most crashes and reboots.

One innovation was the introduction of the forest laws and the setting aside of large sections of England as royal forest subject to the newly introduced forest law.

Three years later, in Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Schumpeter introduced the term " creative destruction ", which he explicitly derived from Marxist thought ( analysed extensively in Part I of the book ) and used it to describe the disruptive process of transformation that accompanies such innovation:

Theodore also taught sacred music, introduced various texts, knowledge of Eastern saints, and may even have been responsible for the introduction of the Litany of the Saints, a major liturgical innovation, into the West.

Here, too, the innovation of placing the female roles in the hands of women was introduced, which innovation did not become general until during the seventeenth century.

Everett Rogers introduced it in his 1962 book, Diffusion of Innovations, writing that " Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system.

BOOTP introduced the innovation of a relay agent, which allowed BOOTP packets to be forwarded from the local network using standard IP routing, so that one central BOOTP server could serve hosts on many subnets.

By 1985 Shimano introduced innovation only at the highest quality level ( Dura-Ace for road bikes and Deore XT for mountain bikes ), then trickled the technology down to lower product levels as it became proven and accepted.

* the use of corpora as a basis for language description, a radical innovation which was introduced by the COBUILD project in the 1980s and is now standard practice in lexicography

In the Yuan Dynasty ( 1279 – 1368 ), which acts based on rhyming schemes plus the innovation of having specialized roles like Dan ( 旦, dàn, female ), Sheng ( 生, shēng, male ), Hua ( 花, huā, painted-face ) and Chou ( 丑, chŏu, clown ) were introduced into the opera.

In his later years Gozzi began to produce tragedies in which the comic element was largely introduced ; as this innovation proved unacceptable to the critics he turned to the Spanish drama, from which he obtained models for various pieces ; these had minor success.

This and other fears of the solar system have disappeared gradually, first, with the Ptolemaic system and its built-in concept of periodicity and then, more firmly, with the Newtonian innovation of an universal force that could account quantitatively for both terrestial and celestial motions.

Progressive measures taken during his kingship include: representatives of the commons, besides the nobility and clergy, were involved in governance ; the end of preventive arrests such that henceforward all arrests had to be first presented to a judge to determine the detention measure ; and fiscal innovation, such as negotiating extraordinary taxes with the mercantile classes and direct taxation of the Church, rather than debasement of the coinage.

Folk dances of British origin include the square dance, descended from the quadrille, combined with the American innovation of a caller instructing the dancers.

The use of letter " i " prefixes and suffixes to denote information technology or interactivity was very much in vogue at this time, notably with the launch of the iMac and the iPod by Apple Computer ; according to the BBC, the " i " in BBCi stood for " interactivity " as well as " innovation ".

Ballpoint pen artwork continues to attract interest in the 21st Century, with contemporary artists gaining recognition for their specific use of ballpoint pens ; for their technical proficiency, imagination and innovation.

If you come up with an innovation that serves, that resonates with customers, the Internet will allow that innovation to spread dramatically faster than any other technology has enabled a new innovation to be adopted in the history of mankind.

Specific obligations to support compliance with the domestic legislation or regulatory requirements of the contracting party providing genetic resources, and contractual obligations reflected in mutually agreed terms, are a significant innovation of the Nagoya Protocol.

A recent innovation is the French instigation of a rolling census programme with different regions enumerated each year such that the whole country is completely enumerated every 5 years.

These models also featured an innovation with a generator that doubled up as a self-starter, which was mounted directly on the crankshaft.

Fubuki class destroyer, UranamiThe next major innovation came with the Japanese Fubuki class or ' special type ', designed in 1923 and delivered in 1928.

With the introduction of the third actor ( an innovation attributed to Sophocles ), acting also began to be regarded as a skill to be rewarded with prizes, requiring a long apprenticeship in the chorus.

This software showed a radical innovation: it used propositional logic (" Zeroth order logic ") to execute expert systems, reasoning on a knowledge base written with everyday language rules, producing explanations and detecting logic contradictions between the facts.

Meta-analysis, the combination of individual research results to produce a quantitative literature review, is another methodological innovation with a close association to educational psychology.

RotoNews revolutionized how fantasy sports information was presented on the web with the innovation of the " player note " which were snippets of information every time a player got hurt, traded, benched or had a news event that impacted his fantasy value-all search-able in a real-time database.

It was created by modifying the Phoenician alphabet, with the innovation of adopting certain letters to represent the vowels.

To be considered a ' hack ' was an honour among like-minded peers as " to qualify as a hack, the feat must be imbued with innovation, style and technical virtuosity " ( Levy, 1984 p. 10 ) The MIT's Tech Model Railroad Club Dictionary defined hack in 1959 ( not yet in a computer context ) as " 1 ) an article or project without constructive end ; 2 ) a project undertaken on bad self-advice ; 3 ) an entropy booster ; 4 ) to produce, or attempt to produce, a hack ( 3 ).

Amidst constant innovation in information and communication technologies, hierarchical authority structures are giving way to greater decision-making latitude for individuals and more flexible definitions of job activities and this new style of work presents a challenge to existing organizational forms, with some research studies contrasting traditional organizational forms against groups that operate as online communities that are characterized by personal motivation and the satisfaction of making one's own decisions.

His next innovation, in 1840, was a measuring technique called " end measurements " that used a precision flat plane and measuring screw, both of his own invention.