Eventually they built the first perfusion pump, an invention instrumental to the development of organ transplantation and open heart surgery.

The concept and theory of Kolmogorov Complexity is based on a crucial theorem first discovered by Ray Solomonoff, who published it in 1960, describing it in " A Preliminary Report on a General Theory of Inductive Inference " as part of his invention of algorithmic probability.

The first AFVs were armoured cars, dating back virtually to the invention of the motor car.

The invention of the cannon, driven by gunpowder, was first developed in China.

The three finds push back the date of the invention of the crank and connecting rod back by a full millennium ; for the first time, all essential components of the much later steam engine were assembled by one technological culture:

Mademoiselle Riego de la Blanchardiere is generally credited with the invention of Irish Crochet, publishing the first book of patterns in 1846.

The invention of Cartesian coordinates in the 17th century by René Descartes ( Latinized name: Cartesius ) revolutionized mathematics by providing the first systematic link between Euclidean geometry and algebra.

Duddell didn't further develop his invention, but in 1902 Danish physicists Valdemar Poulsen and P. O. Pederson were able to increase the frequency produced into the radio range, inventing the Poulsen arc radio transmitter, the first continuous wave radio transmitter, which was used through the 1920s.

He added that several engineers described the invention " as one of the most important radio developments since the first earphone crystal sets were introduced.

The first cinema in Poland ( then occupied by the Russian Empire ) was founded in Łódź in 1899, several years after the invention of the Cinematograph.

His pleograph film camera has been patented already before the Lumière brothers ' invention and he is credited as the author of the earliest surviving Polish documentary titled Ślizgawka w Łazienkach ( Skating-rink in the Royal Baths ), as well as the first short narrative films Powrót birbanta ( Rake's return home ) and Przygoda dorożkarza ( Cabman's Adventure ), both created in 1902.

He introduced the first commercial telefax service between Paris and Lyon in 1865, some 11 years before the invention of telephones.

The invention was unveiled to the public in April 1935 and the first model, the Model A, was made available in June of that year.

His other reputed achievements include the discovery of Earth's precession, the compilation of the first comprehensive star catalog of the western world, and possibly the invention of the astrolabe, also of the armillary sphere, which he used during the creation of much of the star catalogue.

It has been identified as having " inspired some of the most important developments in human history including the invention of the wheel, the planting of the first cereal crops and the development of cursive script, Mathematics, Astronomy and Agriculture.

In his patent application of 6 February 1959, Kilby described his new device as “ a body of semiconductor material ... wherein all the components of the electronic circuit are completely integrated .” The first customer for the new invention was the US Air Force.

This invention is often considered to have been the beginning of electronics, for this was the first vacuum tube.

W. Granholm's jocular invention: see first quot.

This game was not the " invention " of the forward pass but it was the first major contest in which a team used the forward pass regularly throughout the game.

Hoffmann-La Roche then licensed the invention to the Swiss manufacturer Brown, Boveri & Cie who produced displays for wristwatches during the 1970s and also to Japanese electronics industry, which soon produced the first digital quartz wrist watches with TN-LCDs and numerous other products.

The famous 14th century Chinese text of the Huolongjing, which was the first to describe hollow cast iron cannonball shells filled with gunpowder, was also the first to describe the invention of the land mine in greater detail than references found in texts written beforehand.

Metal detectors were first used for demining, after their invention by the Polish officer Józef Kosacki.

He is most famous for his invention of the theremin, one of the first electronic musical instruments, and the first to be mass produced.

We are desperately in the need of such invention, for man is still very much at the mercy of man.

`` The confusion is not my invention.

A broader concept of imitation is needed, one which acknowledges that true invention is important, that the artist's creativity in part transcends the non-artistic causal factors out of which it arises.

Accordingly, it is the aim of this essay to advance a new theory of imitation ( which I shall call mimesis in order to distinguish it from earlier theories of imitation ) and a new theory of invention ( which I shall call symbol for reasons to be stated hereafter ).

As long as perception is seen as composed only of isolated sense data, most of the quality and interconnectedness of existence loses its objectivity, becomes an invention of consciousness, and the result is a philosophical scepticism.

`` My personal view is that not one patented invention in ten is worth making '', he later told a Congressional committee.

In the context of patent law and specifically in prior art searches, searching through abstracts is a common way to find relevant prior art document to question to novelty or inventive step ( or non-obviousness in United States patent law ) of an invention.

It condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.

Scholars are unsure how much of Aristophanes ' portrayal is fact and how much mere comic invention.

There is no contemporary evidence that Alfred and Guthrum agreed upon a formal treaty at this time ; the so-called Treaty of Wedmore is an invention of modern historians.

His promotion of it was so extensive that he is often credited with its invention, even though a machine operating in the same principle was described in 1762 by Swedish professor Johan Wilcke.

Parkinson challenges the argument from moral objectivity by arguing that, for the argument to be successful, it must be shown that morality is objective and commanded by God, rather than just a human invention.

Perhaps Grothendieck's deepest single accomplishment is the invention of the étale and l-adic cohomology theories, which explain an observation of André Weil's that there is a deep connection between the topological characteristics of a variety and its diophantine ( number theoretic ) properties.

Its invention is credited to the Celts, the Romans were thought to have adopted their design.

Finally, in 1740 the French astronomer Jacques Cassini, who is traditionally credited with the invention of year zero, completed the transition in his Tables astronomiques, simply labeling this year 0, which he placed at the end of Julian years labeled avant Jesus-Christ ( before Jesus Christ or BC ), and immediately before Julian years labeled après Jesus-Christ ( after Jesus Christ or AD ).

It is unclear whether the word dates back to the 5th century and was used by the kings themselves, or whether it is a later, 9th-century, invention.

* A Sam Browne belt is a modern invention similar in function to the baldric.

There is no evidence for this and it is probably a post World War II invention.