According to Xenophon, Agesilaus, in order to gain money for prosecuting the war, supported the satrap Ariobarzanes II in his revolt against Artaxerxes II in 364 BC ( Revolt of the Satraps ), and in 361 BC he went to Egypt at the head of a mercenary force to aid the king Nectanebo I and his regent Teos against Persia.

When prompted by a pair of inauspicious oracles, the king sacked the E-kur temple, supposedly protected by the god Enlil, head of the pantheon.

But on 9 June 1448, when the king came of age, Peter had to surrender his power to Afonso V. The years of conspiracy by the Duke of Braganza finally came to a head.

Later on, Fascist Italy could also be considered as a " constitutional monarchy " of a kind, in the sense that there was a king as the titular head of state while actual power was held by Benito Mussolini under a constitution.

To obtain new money to head off default on the government's loans, the king called an Assembly of Notables in 1787.

The crisis facing the king came to a head in 1688, with the birth of the King's son, James Francis Edward Stuart, on 10 June ( Julian calendar ).

The head of the Hittite state was the king, followed by the heir-apparent, although some officials exercised independent authority over various branches of the government.

The newly established Church of England amounted to little more than the existing Catholic Church, but with the king rather than the Pope as its head.

As the head of state, the President of the Republic represents the unity of the nation and has many of the duties previously given to the king of Italy.

The king was recognised as head of the Haute Cour, although he was legally only primus inter pares.

In 1636, Injo who was king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty had to kneel three times on the ground and touch his head nine times on the ground ( 三拜九叩頭禮 ), to show his allegiance to Huang Taiji who was the first Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

Faced with a people's movement against the absolute monarchy, King Birendra, in 1990, agreed to large-scale political reforms by creating a parliamentary monarchy with the king as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of the government.

In particular, Bracton turned the imperial Roman maxim that " the will of the prince is law " on its head, insisting that the king is under the law.

In several other Sumerian city-states, the ruling governor or king was also a head priest with the rank of ensi, such as at Lagash.

Philippi was established by the king of Macedon, Philip II, on the site of the Thasian colony of Krinides or Crenides (, " Fountains "), near the head of the Aegean Sea at the foot of Mt.

The 1937 constitution did not mention the king ; but nor did it state that the President was head of state, saying rather that the President " shall take precedence over all other persons in the State ".

This made the king the head of the national religion and its chief executive.

Livy depicts Servius ' mother as a captured Latin princess enslaved by the Romans ; her child is chosen as Rome's future king after a ring of fire is seen around his head.

The sons of Ancus hired two of the most ferocious shepherds, who approached the king in the palace and struck his head with an axe.

When the king was seated the large eagle placed the crown on his head, the serpent uncoiled itself, and the lions and eagles moved upward to form a shade over him.

: Saul, the first king, begins as an ideal choice to lead and judge Israel ..... Saul cares for his father's animals ( as did Joseph and Moses, and as David will ), and he is a dutiful son ..... Saul is a handsome man and a head taller than any Israelite ()

The king remained the titular head of state, but the constitutional government ruled the country with the prime minister as its head.

The Irish Free State, whose consent to the Abdication Act was also required, neither gave it nor allowed the British legislation to take effect in the Free State's jurisdiction ; instead, the Irish parliament passed its own Act — the Executive Authority ( External Relations ) Act — the day after the Declaration of Abdication Act took force elsewhere, meaning Edward VIII, for one day, remained King of Ireland while George VI was king of all the other realms.

The Icelandic Commonwealth or the Icelandic Free State ( Icelandic: Þjóðveldið ) was the state existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king in 1262.

The latter then took up the usage according to which one who remained for 44 days under excommunication came under the penalties executed by the State, and wrote his De incarcerandis fedelibus, in which he demanded that it should be legal for the excommunicated to appeal to the king and his council against the excommunication ; in this writing he laid open the entire case and in such a way that it was understood by the laity.

Philip IV was the force behind this ruthless move, but it has also tarnished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king falsely charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.

The city dates from the Ubaid period circa 3800 BC, and is recorded in written history as a City State from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being Mesh-Ane-pada.

* 227 BC: The assassination against Ying Zheng, king of Qin State, by Jing Ke from Yan failed.

* November 30 – Cardinal Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, is named French Secretary of State by young king Louis XIII.

Philip IV was the force behind this ruthless move, but it has also tarnished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king falsely charged the Templars with heresy, immorality and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were compromised by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently.

In 1908, the Belgian parliament bowed to international pressure in order to save their last bit of prestige in Europe, forcibly adopting the Free State as a Belgian colony from the king.

* It sought, and got the King's acceptance, to have an Irish minister, to the complete exclusion of British ministers, formally advising the king by in the exercise of his powers and functions as King in the Irish Free State.

" Baldwin suggested three options to the prime ministers of the five Dominions of which Edward was also king: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the Irish Free State.

** King Wuling of Zhao, king of the Chinese State of Zhao

Although diplomats could not present credentials at foreign governments until the Swedish king formally renounced his right to the Norwegian throne, a number of unofficial representatives worked on the provisional government's behalf until the first Norwegian ambassador, Hjalmar Christian Hauge sought accreditation with the United States Secretary of State Elihu Root on November 6, 1905.

Congolese culture minister Christoph Muzungu decided to reinstate the statue in 2005, pointing out the sense of liberating progress that had marked the beginning of the Free State and arguing that people should see the positive aspects of the king as well as the negative ; but just hours after the six-metre ( 20 ft ) statue was erected in the middle of a roundabout near Kinshasa's central station, it was taken down again without explanation.

* King Helü of Wu, king of the Chinese State of Wu

* King Goujian of Yue, king of the Chinese State of Yue

Although he never directly opposed the Spanish king, William soon became one of the most prominent members of the opposition in the Council of State, together with Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn and Lamoral, Count of Egmont.

* King Wuling of Zhao, king of the Chinese State of Zhao

Qín Shǐ Huáng ( Wade-Giles: Chin Shih Huang ; Chinese: ; 259 BC – 210 BC ; personal name: Zhào Zhèng ( Wade-Giles: Chao Cheng ; ); name in classical Chinese: ( 趙正 ) was the king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC, during the Warring States Period.

The Donghu, who were ruled by a king, enjoyed a golden age in the 4th century BC before Wuling and Qin Kai retaliated by adopting Donghu clothing and battle tactics and the North Wall of the Yan State was built to keep the Donghu out.

The Danish State Council ( rigsraad ), dominated by the still Catholic bishops and nobles, refused to accept Duke Christian as king and turned to Count Christopher of Oldenburg in order to restore Christian II to the Danish throne ( Christian II had supported both the New and Old Faiths at various times ).

Constitutional functions for the head of state, i. e. the king, include heading the Council of State ( the king plus the Cabinet ), heading the Council on Foreign Affairs, recognizing new Cabinets ( in the Council of State ), and opening the Parliament's yearly session.