Although the HyperTalk language languished just like HyperCard itself, it received a second lease on life through its plugin protocol, so-called External Commands ( XCMDs ) and External Functions ( XFCNs ), which were native code containers attached to stacks ( as Macintosh-specific resources ) with a single entry point and return value.

The crew of the Caravan never failed to amaze Ann, who during her stay in Salem must frequently have overheard strong sailorly language.

Much of the AIX v2 kernel was written in the PL / I programming language, which proved troublesome during the migration to AIX v3.

Some authors even argue that the language moved westward during Late Antiquity, after the fall of Rome, into the north part of Hispania in which Basque is spoken today.

The term " bodhisatta " ( Pāli language ) was used by the Buddha in the Pāli canon to refer to himself both in his previous lives and as a young man in his current life, prior to his enlightenment, in the period during which he was working towards his own liberation.

As a national revival occurred towards the end of the period of Ottoman rule ( mostly during the 19th century ), a modern Bulgarian literary language gradually emerged which drew heavily on Church Slavonic / Old Bulgarian ( and to some extent on literary Russian, which had preserved many lexical items from Church Slavonic ) and later reduced the number of Turkish and other Balkanic loans.

Bootstrapping in program development began during the 1950s when each program was constructed on paper in decimal code or in binary code, bit by bit ( 1s and 0s ), because there was no high-level computer language, no compiler, no assembler, and no linker.

Although possibly Celtic-speaking in 179 BC, the Bastarnae probably were Germanic in language and culture during the 1st century AD, but appear to have become assimilated by their neighbouring Sarmatians by the 3rd century.

Breton is a Brythonic language, descended from the Celtic British language brought from Great Britain to Armorica by migrating Britons during the Early Middle Ages.

However, a few scholars have hypothesised that Brahui is a remnant of a formerly widespread Dravidian language family that is believed to have been reduced or replaced during the influx of Iranian / Indo-Aryan languages upon their arrival in South Asia.

It was this edition which was to be the official Book of Common Prayer, during the growth of the British Empire, and, as a result, has been a great influence on the prayer books of Anglican churches worldwide, liturgies of other denominations in English, and of the English language as a whole.

The growing influence of English-dominated media from outside the Scottish communities saw the use of this language erode quickly during the 20th century.

In some cases, such as " shirt " and " skirt ", one of the cognate pairs has an ultimate source in another language related to English, while the other one is native, as happened with many loanwords from Old Norse borrowed during the Danelaw.

The Incas did not have any written language but recorded information collected during censuses and other numeric information as well as non-numeric data on quipus, strings from llama or alpaca hair or cotton cords with numeric and other values encoded by knots in a base-10 positional system.

The Old English language, current until approximately sometime after the time of the Norman Conquest in 1066, had a dative case ; however, the English case system gradually fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when in pronouns the accusative and dative merged into a single oblique case that was also used for all prepositions.

DHTML allows scripting languages to change variables in a web page's definition language, which in turn affects the look and function of otherwise " static " HTML page content, after the page has been fully loaded and during the viewing process.

After the Great War, there was a proposal for the League of Nations to accept Esperanto as their working language, following a report by Nitobe Inazō, an official delegate of League of Nations during the 13th World Congress of Esperanto in Prague.

In Norway, encyclopedias follow the unique history of the Norwegian language, the Bokmål variant having branched off from Danish during the 19th century.

1648 ; i. e. after the Thirty Years ' War, in France and the French colonial empire, until established as the national language during the French Revolution of 1789 and subsequently multinational in all nations in or formerly in the various French Empires.

" Aramaisms " exist that indicate a period when Aramaic was the official language during the Persian empire.

He was so taken with Italian culture and language during his travels that after his return he became known as the " Italian Earl " at court.

This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon ( Middle Low German ) during the period of German rule, and High German ( including standard German ).

The word flute first entered the English language during the Middle English period, as floute ,, or else flowte, flo ( y ) te, possibly from Old French flaute and from Old Provençal flaüt, or else from Old French fleüte, flaüte, flahute via Middle High German floite or Danish fluit.

The language spoken in the city there during the 14th century was, and still is, accepted as the Italian language.

The English language was first introduced to the Americas by British colonization, beginning in 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia.

Similarly, the language spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonization elsewhere and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by 1921, held sway over a population of 470 – 570 million people, approximately a quarter of the world's population at that time.

Over the past 400 years the form of the language used in the Americas — especially in the United States — and that used in the United Kingdom have diverged in a few minor ways, leading to the dialects now occasionally referred to as American English and British English.

This divergence between American English and British English once caused George Bernard Shaw to say that the United States and United Kingdom are " two countries divided by a common language "; a similar comment is ascribed to Winston Churchill.

During the 17th century, English emigration to the British colonies in North America was at its peak, and the new settlers took the English language with them.

Belize ( formerly British Honduras ) is a country located on the north eastern coast of Central America and it is the only country in the area where English is the official language, although Creole and Spanish are more commonly spoken.

* BSE, any of various variants of British English, when treated as a stand-in for a standardized form of the language

* British English, the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom

* British language ( Celtic ), also known as Brythonic, the ancient Celtic language once spoken in Britain, ancestral to Welsh, Cornish and Breton

British English ( or BrEn, BrE, BE, en-UK or en-GB )< ref > is the language code for British English, as defined by ISO standards ( see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ) and Internet standards ( see IETF language tag ).</ ref > is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the United Kingdom from forms used elsewhere.

The Oxford English Dictionary applies the term to English " as spoken or written in the British Isles ; esp the forms of English usual in Great Britain ", reserving " Hiberno-English " for the " English language as spoken and written in Ireland ".

The forms of spoken English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language.

* British language, or Brythonic, the Celtic language anciently spoken in Great Britain

Irish bua ( Classical Irish buadh ), Buaidheach, Welsh buddugoliaeth ), and that the correct spelling of the name in the British language is Boudica, pronounced ( the closest English equivalent to the vowel in the first syllable is the ow in " bow-and-arrow ").

Meanwhile, the British MI6 and the American CIA commenced an operation to ensure that Doctor Zhivago was correctly submitted to the Nobel Committee, which requires that nominations for the Nobel Prize for Literature must be submitted in their original language.

His last opera was a German language singspiel Die Neger, ( The Negroes ), a melodrama set in colonial Virginia with a text by Georg Friedrich Treitschke ( the author of the libretto for Beethoven's Fidelio ) performed in 1804 and was a complete failure.

The new government did away with the romanization of the Khmer language that the French colonial administration was beginning to enforce and officially reinstated the Khmer script.

French was inherited from the colonial period and is the primary language of instruction.

The geographic distribution of the Italian language in the world: large Italian-speaking communities are shown in green ; light blue indicates areas where the Italian language was used officially during the Italian colonial period.

Although it was the primary language since colonial rule, Italian greatly declined under the rule of Muammar Gaddafi, who expelled the Italian Libyan population and made Arabic became the sole official language of the country.

Italian was also introduced to Somalia through colonialism and was the sole official language of administration and education during the colonial period but declined after government, educational and economic infrastructure was destroyed in the Somali Civil War.

In Hong Kong and Macau, because of their colonial and linguistic history, the language of education, the media, formal speech and everyday life remains the local Cantonese, although the standard language is now very influential and taught in schools.

However, by now most such languages have borrowed the numeral system or part of the numeral system of a national or colonial language, though in a few cases ( such as Guarani ), a numeral system has been invented internally rather than borrowed.

** Roman alphabet or Latin alphabet, the standard script of the English language and most of the languages of western and central Europe, Indonesia, Malay, and other areas once settled by European colonial empires

Nevertheless, justified by the language of self-determination, between 1946 and 1960, the peoples of thirty-seven new nations freed themselves from colonial status in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

Spanish, the former colonial language and French, the second language of Morocco and most of western Africa are both extensively used as second languages.

Under colonial policy, Portuguese citizenship was available to men who assimilated Portuguese language, literacy, and religion ; by 1970, 1, 200 East Timorese, largely drawn from the aristocracy, Dili residents, or larger towns, had obtained Portuguese citizenship.

As several authors have pointed out ( Mamdani 1996 ; Gentili 1999 ; O ' Laughlin 2000 ), the Indigenato regime was the political system that subordinated the immense majority of Mozambicans to local authorities entrusted with governing, in collaboration with the lowest echelon of the colonial administration, the " native " communities described as tribes and assumed to have a common ancestry, language, and culture.

Linguists now recognize that creole formation is a universal phenomenon, not limited to the European colonial period, and an important aspect of language evolution ( see ).

During French colonial rule, the French language was the principal language of education, government, trade, and media and French was widely introduced to the general population.

The lack of documentation and the extinction of many indigenous languages as the result of colonial cultural and language policies have made the prospect of official recognition of many tribes a remote possibility.

This set the tone for the uneasy relationship between this language community and the colonial establishments in the next few centuries.

During the Japanese colonial rule, Japanese language became an official language in Taiwan.