We know that the Saxon Shore was a phenonenon of late Roman defensive policy ; ;

The type is represented by neo-Attic Imperial Roman copies of the late 1st or early 2nd century, modelled upon a supposed Greek bronze original made in the second quarter of the 5th century BCE, in a style similar to works of Polykleitos but more archaic.

In the late 2nd century CE floor mosaic from El Djem, Roman Thysdrus, he is identifiable as Apollo Helios by his effulgent halo, though now even a god's divine nakedness is concealed by his cloak, a mark of increasing conventions of modesty in the later Empire.

This system of ' counter casting ' continued into the late Roman empire and in medieval Europe, and persisted in limited use into the nineteenth century.

Constance was a missionary bishopric in newly converted lands, and did not look back on late Roman church history ( unlike the Raetian bishopric of Chur, established 451 ) and Basel, which was an episcopal seat from 740, and which continued the line of Bishops of Augusta Raurica, see Bishop of Basel.

Herm of Hermes, Roman copy of a late 5th century BC original, the forefront inscription states the herm was made by Alcamenes and placed infront of the gates of Pergamon, Istanbul Archaeology Museums | Istanbul Museums.

Alypius of Antioch was a geographer and a vicarius of Roman Britain, probably in the late 350s AD.

Ammianus Marcellinus, soldier-historian of the late Roman Empire.

Sources for events after this date are extremely scarce, but a tradition, reported as early as the mid-6th century by a British priest named Gildas, records that the British sent for help against the barbarians to Aetius, a Roman consul, probably in the late 440s.

In 1976 divers in the Aar found part of a seven-meter wide wooden bridge from the late Roman times.

: For the city in the late Roman and the Eastern Roman or Byzantine periods ( 330 – 1453 ), see Constantinople.

Then subsequently the city was, for more than a thousand years, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.

Though associated with the Sassanid Persians and with Mithradates VI Eupator ( who for a time incorporated the city into his empire ), by the late Hellenistic or early Roman period, the star and crescent motif had been associated to some degree with Byzantium.

The late 4th century writer on Roman military affairs Vegetius mentions soldiers using reed rafts, drawn by leather leads, to transport equipment across rivers.

In the late 2nd century, the Historia Augusta mentions that in the rule of Marcus Aurelius ( 161-80 ), an alliance of lower Danube tribes including the Bastarnae, the Sarmatian Roxolani and the Costoboci took advantage of the emperor's difficulties on the upper Danube ( the Marcomannic Wars ) to invade Roman territory.

Gold, silver and garnet grave goods from the Anglo-Saxon ship burial at Sutton Hoo ( 1939 ) and late Roman silver tableware from Mildenhall, Suffolk ( 1946 ).

It may come from a custom in the late Roman / early Christian era, wherein metal boxes placed outside churches were used to collect special offerings tied to the Feast of Saint Stephen, which in the Western Church falls on the same day as Boxing Day.

When the first meeting of the Fourth Duma was convened in late 1912, only one out of six Bolshevik deputies, Matvei Muranov, ( another one, Roman Malinovsky, was later exposed as an Okhrana secret police agent ) voted to break away from the Menshevik faction within the Duma on 15 December 1912.

The forms of parish worship in the late medieval church in England, which followed the Latin Roman Rite, varied according to local practice.

The influence of Roman Dutch law continued in the colony well into the late 19th century.

Throughout the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Christianity was resolving fundamental questions of identity, and the dispute between the orthodox and the monophysites became the cause of serious disorder, expressed through allegiance to the horse-racing parties of the Blues and the Greens.

Constantinople was the largest and richest urban center in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the late Eastern Roman Empire, mostly as a result of its strategic position commanding the trade routes between the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea.

The ancient Roman concept of virtus ( i. e. of virtue that had to be proved by a political or military career ), which Cicero suggested as the solution to the societal problems of the late Republic, meant little to them.

It is also situated at the nucleus of Coptic Orthodox community, which separated from the Roman and Byzantine church in the late 4th century.

Ahenobarbus was the name of a plebeian family of the Domitia gens in the late Republic and early Principate of ancient Rome.

The myth was perpetuated by Romeyn de Hooghe's Spiegel van Staat der Vereenigden Nederlanden (" Mirror of the State of the United Netherlands ", 1706 ), which also ran to many editions, and it was revived in the atmosphere of Romantic nationalism in the late eighteenth-century reforms that saw a short-lived Batavian Republic and, in the colony of the Dutch East Indies, a capital ( now Jakarta ) that was named Batavia.

The Cimbri were a tribe from Northern Europe, who, together with the Teutones and the Ambrones threatened the Roman Republic in the late 2nd century BC.

The Commodore brand name resurfaced in late 2003 on an inexpensive portable MP3 player made in the People's Republic of China by Tai Guen Enterprise, sold mostly in Europe.

This word has often been employed as an epithet in Eastern European legends ( Sabya Damaskinya or Sablja Dimiskija meaning " Damascene saber "), including the Serbian and Bulgarian legends of Prince Marko, a historical figure of the late 14th century in what is currently the Republic of Macedonia.

In the late Republic, as in the early years of the new monarchy, Imperator was a title granted to Roman generals by their troops and the Roman Senate after a great victory, roughly comparable to field marshal ( head or commander of the entire army ).

Indeed the Republic of Independent Guyana, in French La République de la Guyane indépendante and commonly referred to by the name of the capital " Counani ", was created in the area which was disputed by France ( as part of French Guyana ) and Brazil in the late nineteenth century.

In late 2011, relations between Afghanistan and Dominican Republic were established.

The Punic Wars of the late 3rd century BCE – in particular the near-catastrophic defeat of Roman arms at Cannae – had long lasting effects on the Republic, its citizen armies, and the development of the gladiatorial munera.

Hispania was divided: Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior during the late Roman Republic ; during the Roman Empire, Hispania Taraconensis in the northeast, Hispania Baetica in the south ( roughly corresponding to Andalucia ), and Lusitania in the southwest ( corresponding to modern Portugal ).

This may even lead to an institutional variability, as in North Korea, where, after the presidency of party leader Kim Il-Sung, the office was vacant for years, the late president being granted the posthumous title ( akin to some ancient Far Eastern traditions to give posthumous names and titles to royalty ) of " Eternal President " ( while all substantive power, as party leader, itself not formally created for four years, was inherited by his son Kim Jong Il, initially without any formal office ) until it was formally replaced on 5 September 1998, for ceremonial purposes, by the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly, while the party leader's post as Chairman of the National Defense Commission was simultaneously declared " the highest post of the state ", not unlike Deng Xiaoping earlier in the People's Republic of China.

The late Kim Il-sung is North Korea's Eternal President of the Republic | Eternal President.

* By late 1923, the Weimar Republic of Germany was issuing two-trillion Mark banknotes and postage stamps with a face value of fifty billion Mark.

The Roman Republic annexed southern Gaul as the province of Gallia Narbonensis in the late 2nd century BC, and Roman forces under Julius Caesar conquered the rest of Gaul in the Gallic Wars of 58 – 51 BC.

The Roman geographers and other prose writers from the time of the late Roman Republic called the entire peninsula Hispania.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, many Jamaicans migrated to Central America, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic to work in the banana and canefields.

Marx predicted the eventual fall of capitalism, to be replaced by socialism, yet since the late 20th century state socialism is in retreat, as the Soviet Union collapsed, and the People's Republic of China shifted towards a market economy.

Although his nationalization of the copper mining industry in the late 1960s and the volatility of international copper prices contributed to increased economic problems, matters were aggravated by his logistical support for the black nationalist movements in Ian Smith's Rhodesian Republic, South West Africa, Angola, and Mozambique.

This article deals primarily with modern scholarship's best reconstruction of Classical Latin's phonemes ( phonology ) and the pronunciation and spelling used by educated people in the late Republic, and then touches upon later changes and other variants.

In late Roman times, the provincial boundaries were reorganized to form the Diocese of Macedonia, consisting of most of modern mainland Greece right across the Aegean to include Crete, southern Albania, and parts of modern-day Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia.

The People's Republic of China had poor relations with Burma until the late 1980s.

On the international front, in late July 2002, the Republic of China ( commonly known after its largest island as Taiwan ) cut its diplomatic ties with Nauru.

It was only with the emergence of nationalist sentiment from the late 18th century that the desire was felt to display national flags also in civilian contexts, notably the US flag, in origin adopted as a naval ensign in 1777, which after the American Revolution began to be displayed as a generic symbol of the United States, and the French Tricolore which became a symbol of the Republic in the 1790s.

In the geographers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire, such as Ptolemy, Scythia stretches eastward from the mouth of the Vistula ; thus Pytheas must have described the Germanic coast of the Baltic sea ; if the statement is true, there are no other possibilities.