After the ancient lyre fell in disuse, the name was used to label unrelated instruments, mostly bowed lutes such as the Byzantine lyra, the Pontic lyra, the Constantinopolitan lyra, the Cretan lyra, the lira da braccio, the Calabrian lira, the lijerica, the lyra viol, the lirone.

Rapid economic growth resumed in 2002 and inflation came down from an average of nearly 70 percent in the 1990s to 12 percent in 2003 ; interest rates fell and the exchange rate for the Turkish lira stabilized.

Fluctuation in the Turkish lira, which suffered from hyperinflation every year until its replacement by the Turkish new lira in 2005, exerted downward pressure on the Turkish Cypriot standard of living for many years.

The medieval fiddle emerged in 10th-century Europe, deriving from the Byzantine lira ( Greek: λύρα, Latin: lira, English: lyre ), a bowed string instrument of the Byzantine Empire and ancestor of most European bowed instruments.

It is most likely that the first makers of violins borrowed from three types of current instruments: the rebec, in use since the 10th century ( itself derived from the Byzantine lyra and the Arabic rebab ), the Renaissance fiddle, and the lira da braccio ( derived from the Byzantine lira ).

The British pound derived from the Roman libra, which is why the pound ( mass ) is often initialised to ' lb '; along with the French livre and the Italian lira, when, during Middle Ages the European countries adopted the LSD system.

The inhabitants used the Italian lira for money, so in 1850 the government issued stamps identical to those for the rest of Austria, but denominated in values from 5 to 45 centesimi.

The Israeli lira, followed by the old sheqel, both experienced frequent devaluations against the US dollar and other foreign currencies starting in the early 1960s and accelerating from the mid-1970s onwards.

The vielle possibly derived from the lira, a Byzantine bowed instrument closely related to the rebab, an Arab bowed instrument

In February, Socialist MP Mario Chiesa was arrested by the police while taking a 7 million lira bribe from a cleaning service firm.

As Prime Minister, Amato responded effectively to two devaluations of the lira in the wake of currency speculation that led Italy to be expelled from the European Monetary System by cutting the budget deficit drastically, thus taking the first steps in the road that would bring Italy to adopt the Euro.

The kuruş was also the standard unit of currency in the Ottoman Empire until 1844, and from that date until the late 1970s was a subdivision of the former lira.

The new Turkish lira () was the currency of Turkey and the de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus between 1 January 2005 and 1 January 2009 which was a transition period for the removal of six zeroes from the currency.

Because of the chronic inflation experienced in Turkey from the 1970s through to the 1990s, the old lira experienced severe depreciation in value.

In late December 2003, the Grand National Assembly of Turkey passed a law that allowed for the removal of six zeroes from the currency, and the creation of the new lira.

The lira (, plural: liri, ISO 4217 code: MTL ) was the currency of Malta from 1972 until 31 December 2007.

The Turkish lira, which was pegged to the U. S. dollar prior to the crisis of 2001, had to be floated, and lost an important amount of its value.

From an average of 9 lira per U. S. dollar in the late 1960s, the currency came to trade at approximately 1. 65 new lira per U. S. dollar in late 2001.

In 1927, the lira was pegged to the U. S. dollar at a rate of 1 dollar

Afyon was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 50 lira banknote of 1927-1938.

Italian lira | Italian coins during the Kingdom of Italy ( 1861-1946 ) | fascist period bore the portrait of King Victor Emmanuel III.

Moreover, the small economy has seen some downfalls because the Turkish lira is legal tender.

Although the economy operates on a free-market basis, the lack of private and government investment, shortages of skilled labor and experienced managers, and inflation and the devaluation of the Turkish lira continue to plague the economy.

The first recorded reference to the bowed lira was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih ( d. 911 ); in his lexicographical discussion of instruments he cited the lira ( lūrā ) as a typical instrument of the Byzantines and equivalent to the rabāb played in the Islamic Empires.

Lira spread widely westward to Europe ; in the 11th and 12th centuries European writers use the terms fiddle and lira interchangeably when referring to bowed instruments ( Encyclopædia Britannica.

Over the centuries, Europe continued to have two distinct types of fiddles: one, relatively square-shaped, held in the arms, became known as the lira da braccio ( arm viol ) family and evolved into the violin ; the other, with sloping shoulders and held between the knees, was the lira da gamba ( leg viol ) group.

During the Renaissance the gambas were important and elegant instruments ; they eventually lost ground to the louder ( and originally less aristocratic ) lira da braccio family.

") An example of this would be Turkey's revaluation of the Lira on 1 January 2005, when the old Turkish lira ( TRL ) was converted to the New Turkish lira ( TRY ) at a rate of 1, 000, 000 old to 1 new Turkish Lira.

This came at a terrible cost: by the end of the war, Italy had lost 700, 000 soldiers and had a budget deficit of billions of lira.

During a time in which one American dollar was equivalent to 1. 20 Turkish lira.

After the dollar weakened against other currencies in mid 2006, the lira was worth US $ 3. 35289 as of 16 December 2007.

The name " lira " was used on banknotes beginning in 1973, initially jointly with " pound ", and exclusively on both coins and banknotes since 1986.

In recent years, the chronically high inflation has been brought under control and this has led to the launch of a new currency, the " New Turkish lira ", on January 1, 2005, to cement the acquisition of the economic reforms and erase the vestiges of an unstable economy.

On January 1, 2009, the New Turkish lira was renamed once again as the " Turkish lira ", with the introduction of new banknotes and coins.

A currency reform on 1 January 2005, provided its return as the 1 / 100th of the new lira.

1. 65 lira ( YTL )

1. 21 lira ( YTL )

1. 81 lira ( YTL )

It was introduced on 1 January, 2005, replacing the previous lira ( which remained valid in circulation until the end of 2005 ) at a rate of 1 new lira = 1, 000, 000 old lira.

During the period when Syria was a part of Ottoman empire-which lasted about 400 years-the Turkish lira was the currency.

While Italy experienced continuous economic progress in the 1980s, the Italian economy was being undermined by constant devaluation of the Italian lira and the issuing of excessive amounts of high-interest treasury bonds, so that, between 1982 and 1992, the excessive budget deficit build half of the deficit still plaguing the country today.