The measure allows such companies in those years to apply their mineral depletion allowances to 50% of the value of the finished products rather than the lower value of raw clay alone.

However, in 2004, Maher concluded that " Physical treatments, such as acupuncture, backschool, hydrotherapy, lumbar supports, magnets, TENS, traction, ultrasound, Pilates therapy, Feldenkrais therapy, Alexander technique, and craniosacral therapy are either of unknown value or ineffective and so should not be considered " when treating lower back pain with an evidence-based approach.

The brighter the object appears, the lower the value of its magnitude.

Blank helped resurrect the excitement in the Georgia Dome with added value to the fans with increased tailgating, parking, and entertainment and lower ticket prices.

These securities, known as ADRs ( American Depositary Receipt ) or GDRs ( Global Depositary Receipt ) depending on where they are issued, are typically considered " foreign " and therefore trade at a lower value when first released.

Since the ADR is trading at a value lower than what it is worth, one can purchase the ADR and expect to make money as its value converges on the original.

Therefore, it works as a neutron reflector and neutron moderator, effectively slowing the neutrons to the thermal energy range of below 0. 03 eV, where the total cross section is at least an order of magnitude lower – exact value strongly depends on the purity and size of the crystallites in the material.

When bearing off, a player may also move a lower die roll before the higher even if that means ' the full value of the higher die ' is not fully utilized.

* Median – the middle value that separates the higher half from the lower half of the data set

The lower the value of the index in any given area, the drier the area is.

Under ideal ( adiabatic ) conditions, the exponent would be 1. 4, but a lower value, generally between 1. 2 and 1. 3 is used, since the amount of heat lost will vary among engines based on design, size and materials used, but provides useful results for purposes of comparison.

The power of non-state actors resulted in a lower value placed on sovereignty in the 18th and 19th centuries, which further reduced the number of civil wars.

Coins may be minted that have fiat values lower than the value of their component metals, but this is never done intentionally and initially for circulation coins, and happens only in due course later in the history of coin production due to inflation, as market values for the metal overtake the fiat declared face value of the coin.

This practice could be sustained only by requisitioning precious metals from private citizens in exchange for state-minted coin ( of a far lower value than the price of the precious metals requisitioned ).

An estimator is unbiased if its expected value is the true value of the parameter ; It is consistent if it converges to the true value as sample size gets larger, and it is efficient if the estimator has lower standard error than other unbiased estimators for a given sample size.

In mathematical analysis, the intermediate value theorem states that for each value between the least upper bound and greatest lower bound of the image of a continuous function there is at least one point in its domain that the function maps to that value.

Heat of combustion of kerosene is similar to that of diesel ; its lower heating value is 43. 1 MJ / kg ( around 18, 500 Btu / lb ), and its higher heating value is 46. 2 MJ / kg.

The larger the volume of the pyramid, the better ( lower ) the value of GDOP ; the smaller its volume, the worse ( higher ) the value of GDOP will be.

They looked at the ruins of the old Roman wall on the lower Via Veneto, then they went to the Farnese Gardens.

Such services are offered in the United Kingdom ; the telecommunication arbitrage companies get paid an interconnect charge by the UK mobile networks and then buy international routes at a lower cost.

If the shuttlecock has dropped lower, then a smash is impossible and a full-length, high clear is difficult.

For example, if a player has exactly 1 checker remaining on the 6-point, and rolls a 6 and a 1, the player may move the 6-point checker 1 place to the 5-point with the lower die roll of 1, and then bear that checker off the 5-point using the die roll of 6 ; this is sometimes useful tactically.

For example, some people pronounce ( meaning " fish ") as, the " r " is dropped and the vowel begins by dipping much lower in tone than standard speech and then rises, effectively doubling its length.

The invitation to cut is made by placing the pack, face downward, on the table near the player who is to cut: who then lifts the upper portion of the pack clear of the lower portion and places it alongside.

) The formerly lower portion is then replaced on top of the formerly upper portion.

" Ogan saw " media imperialism often described as a process whereby the United States and Western Europe produce most of the media products, make the first profits from domestic sales, and then market the products in Third World countries at costs considerably lower than those the countries would have to bear to produce similar products at home.

The Vajrayana system states that the central channel ( avadhūtī ) begins at the point of the third eye, curves up to the crown of the head, and then goes straight down to the lower body.

There are two side channels, the rasanā and lalanā, which start at their respective nostrils and then travel down to the lower body.

* If is the norm ( usually noted as ) defined in the sequence space ℓ < sup >∞</ sup > of all bounded sequences ( which also matches the non-linear distance measured as the maximum of distances measured on projections into the base subspaces, without requiring the space to be isotropic or even just linear, but only continuous, such norm being definable on all Banach spaces ), and is lower triangular non-singular ( i. e., ) then

In practice, however, if someone is acquitted in a lower District Court, then the prosecutor can appeal to the High Court, and then to the Supreme Court.

Since then it has been eroding, creating dramatic incised valleys, and providing the sediment that gives the Yellow River its yellow color and that causes the flooding of the river in the lower reaches ( hence the river's nickname ' China's sorrow ').

Then the quotient space X /~ can be naturally identified with a torus: take a square piece of paper, bend and glue together the upper and lower edge to form a cylinder, then bend the resulting cylinder so as to glue together its two open ends, resulting in a torus.

It moves material from higher elevations to lower elevations where other eroding agents such as streams and glaciers can then pick up the material and move it to even lower elevations.

Often, if just a little bias is permitted, then an estimator can be found with lower MSE and / or fewer outlier sample estimates.

The lower regions of the old cuticle – the endocuticle and mesocuticle – are then digested by the enzymes and subsequently absorbed.

Several mechanisms have been proposed through which warmth builds up in equatorial Pacific surface waters, and is then dispersed to lower depths by an El Niño event.

It is not certain what exact changes will happen to ENSO in the future: Different models make different predictions .< ref name =" Merryfield2006 "> It may be that the observed phenomenon of more frequent and stronger El Niño events occurs only in the initial phase of the global warming, and then ( e. g., after the lower layers of the ocean get warmer as well ), El Niño will become weaker than it was.

If the Flynn effect has ended in developed nations, then this may possibly allow national differences in IQ scores to diminish if the Flynn effect continues in nations with lower average national IQs.

In many places, the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States being a very visible example, the lower rock units were metamorphosed and deformed, and then deformation ended and the upper, undeformed units were deposited.

Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies of infrared thermal radiation.

However if the mask is for a particular use ( such as the protection from a specific toxic material in a factory ), then the design can be much simpler and the cost lower.