The tribunes could even convene a Senate meeting and lay legislation before it and arrest magistrates.

In the Roman Republic there were two heads of state, styled Consul, both of whom alternated months of authority during their year in office, similarly there was an even number of supreme magistrates in the Italic republics of Ancient Age.

The Theban statesman Epaminondas, who is boeotarch ( one of the five magistrates of the Boeotian federation ), maintains Thebes ' position, even when it leads to the exclusion of Thebes from the peace treaty.

It was denied to foreigners, and even to banished Romans, and it was worn by magistrates on all occasions as a badge of office.

This military campaign gained notoriety for the brutality it exacted on not only the violent ; but also elected officials, magistrates and University of Tucumán faculty ( even secondary school teachers ).

Conversely even if the magistrates accept jurisdiction, an adult defendant has a right to compel a jury trial.

The word is identical to the usual plural of el meaning gods or magistrates, and is cognate to the l-h-m found in Ugaritic, where it is used for the pantheon of Canaanite Gods, the children of El and conventionally vocalized as " Elohim " even though this is a speculation as Ugaritic as a consonantal written language only recorded consonants.

It was thought by Walpole, Queen Caroline and the Duke of Newcastle that Porteous had been unnecessarily sacrificed and there were even rumours that the conspiracy had involved the local city magistrates.

It was thought by Walpole, Queen Caroline and the Duke of Newcastle that Porteous had been unnecessarily sacrificed and there were even rumours that the conspiracy had involved the local city magistrates.

After the decision, sometimes even because of the decision, of its precisions and its consequences, light dawns, public opinion changes, and blames magistrates for resolutions it has itself dictated.

In rural areas, around 11, 000 hand powered sirens would be operated by postmasters, rural police officers, or Royal Observer Corps personnel ( even parish priests, publicans, magistrates, subpostmasters or private citizens could be involved in some remote rural areas ).

He also established a tradition of secrecy which lasted till the 1970s so that even magistrates and investigators were unable to see the insides of prisons.

However, whether the owner of a power house or a small manor, the inhabitants of the English country house have become collectively referred to as the Ruling class, because this is exactly what they did in varying degrees, whether by holding high political influence and power in national government or in the day-to-day running of their own localities in such offices as magistrates, or occasionally even clergy.

This distinctive interest in studying the chronologies of heads of states, governments, ministries and other offices may be rigorously defined as institutional chronology or even as archontology ( from Greek, αρχων ( archon ), meaning ruler ; used specifically for supreme magistrates, as in Athens, or even kings, as in the Cimmerian Bosporus ).

No doubt much may be said against interfering with a legal meeting ... but circumstances may arise to call for the intervention of the magistrates even on such occasions, and to be impartial, one must hear what they have to say for themselves ".

Such edicts and promises of a similar nature made from time to time to the Alliance Israélite Universelle, even if they are seriously intended, are, however, absolutely meaningless, since they are not executed by local magistrates, and if they were they would reignite old, deeply rooted hatreds of the Jewish population.

The Jerusalem magistrates ' court judge said that even though the function hall was run by religious people, the moshav company which owned it was not in itself religious, and so was not legally exempt.

This power of punishment even extended to inferior magistrates.

Berlusconi claimed that " this is a manifest judicial persecution, against which I am proud to resist, and the fact that my resistance and sacrifice will give the Italians a more fair and efficient judicial system makes me even more proud ", and added that " 789 prosecutors and magistrates took an interest in the politician Berlusconi from 1994 to 2006 with the aim of subverting the votes of the Italian people " citing statistics that he said have constituted a " calvary including 577 visits by police, 2, 500 court hearings and 174 million euros in lawyers ' bills paid by me ".

Gorton appeared for her, however, and what he told the magistrates must have been plenty, for he was charged with deluding the court, fined, and told to leave the colony within fourteen days.

six hours of manual labor a day for all but a handful of magistrates and scholars, and careful measures to prevent anyone from shirking ; ;

The boule also served as an executive committee for the assembly, and oversaw the activities of certain other magistrates.

The boule coordinated the activities of the various boards and magistrates that carried out the administrative functions of Athens and provided from its own membership randomly selected boards of ten responsible for areas ranging from naval affairs to religious observances.

Unlike office holders ( magistrates ) who could be impeached and prosecuted for misconduct, the jurors could not be censured, for they, in effect, were the people and no authority could be higher than that.

The Criminal Justice Act of 1948 restricted imprisonment for juveniles and brought improvements to the probation and remand centres systems, while the passage of the Justices of the Peace Act of 1949 led to extensive reforms of magistrates courts.

The dictator was the sole exception to the Roman legal principles of having multiple magistrates in the same office and being legally able to be held to answer for actions in office.

Although his term lasted only six months instead of twelve ( except for the Dictatorships of Sulla and Caesar ), all other magistrates reported to the dictator ( except for the tribunes of the plebs-although they could not veto any of the dictator's acts ), granting the dictator absolute authority in both civil and military matters throughout the Republic.

To avoid the possibility of plebeians obtaining control of the census, the patricians removed the right to take the census from the consuls and tribunes, and appointed for this duty two magistrates, called censores ( censors ), elected exclusively from the patricians in Rome.

The plurality election system is used in the Republic of China on Taiwan for executive offices such as county magistrates, mayors, and the president, but not for legislative seats which used the single non-transferable vote system.

A show of gladiators was to be exhibited before the people in the market-place, and most of the magistrates erected scaffolds round about, with an intention of letting them for advantage.

One of the legacies of the guilds, the elevated Windsor Guildhall was originally a meeting place for guilds, as well as magistrates ' seat and town hall.

His tenure of this office was conspicuous for a reform of the licensing laws, and he was responsible for the Licensing Act 1872, which made the magistrates the licensing authority, increased the penalties for misconduct in public-houses and shortened the number of hours for the sale of drink.

At this time many of the noble youths and of the magistrates run up and down through the city naked, for sport and laughter striking those they meet with shaggy thongs.

Shortly after his accession at the conclusion of the papal election of December 1187, Clement succeeded in allaying the conflict which had existed for half a century between the Popes and the citizens of Rome, with an agreement by which the citizens were allowed to elect their magistrates, while the nomination of the governor of the city remained in the hands of the Pope.

The project was delayed by a conflict between the pope and Florence, known as " the War of the Eight Saints " for the " Eight for War ," the Florentine magistrates responsible for the conduct of the war.

Cotton, in a soft and conciliatory tone, seriously modified the black-and-white version of the conference that the other elders insisted upon, putting the Governor and other magistrates in a very awkward position.

Mary Warren told magistrates that Proctor had beaten her for putting up a prayer bill before forcing her to touch the Devil's Book.

By the end of 20th century, however, a sort of inverted red tacitism ( as the new variant of black tacitism could be called ) appeared, for example in publications like Woodman's Tacitus reviewed: the new theories described the emperors of the principate no longer as monarchs ruling as autocrats, but as " magistrates " in essence defending a " republican " form of government ( which might excuse some of their rash actions ), very much in line with Graves ' lenient posture regarding crimes committed under the rule of princeps Claudius ( for instance the putting aside of the elder L. Silanus, showing the emperor's lack of conscience according to Tacitus, Ann.

The magistrates were determined to compel them.

By now a crowd had gathered in the forum, The presence of the magistrates among the revolutionaries kept them in good order.

They are to be renowned magistrates and prosecutors, university professors, public officials or lawyers, all of them jurists with recognized competence or standing and more than 15 years of professional experience.

Their lack of magisterial powers made them independent of all other magistrates, which also meant that no magistrate could veto a tribune.

that the city magistrates were forced to put a ban on them.

The Uffizi Gallery in Florence was initially conceived as a palace for the offices of Florentian magistrates ( hence the name ), it later evolved into a display place for many of the paintings and sculpture collected by the Medici family or commissioned by them.

All mainstream Protestants generally date their doctrinal separation from the Roman Catholic Church to the 16th century, occasionally called the " Magisterial Reformation " because the ruling magistrates supported them ; unlike the " Radical Reformation ", which the State did not support.

Some courts have magistrates or discovery commissioners who are on call for such contingencies, and the parties are supposed to use them to referee such disputes over the phone before resorting to filing motions.

The local magistrates, under the leadership of William Hulton, had already been advised by the acting Home Secretary, Henry Hobhouse, that " the election of a Member of Parliament without the King's writ " was a serious misdemeanour, encouraging them to declare the assembly illegal.

A new meeting was organised for 16 August, after the Home Secretary, Lord Sidmouth, had written to the magistrates instructing them that it was not the intention to elect an MP that was illegal, but the execution of that intention.

Henry III responded by having the Duke and his brother murdered later that year, whereupon Bussy-Leclerc used the Bastille as a base to mount a raid on the Parlement de Paris, arresting the president and other magistrates, whom he suspected of having royalist sympathies, and detaining them in the Bastille.

He also described, in a phone call, the magistrates investigating him about the corruption charges as " penniless, envious turds whose wives are probably cuckolding them while they keep track of me.

The Strasbourg magistrates forwarded them to Basel and Zürich.

* The Sicilian Mafia used them to assassinate independent magistrates up to the early 1990s ;

And when the senate was separated, Antony and Caesar went out, with Herod between them ; while the consul and the rest of the magistrates went before them, in order to offer sacrifices the Roman gods, and to lay the decree in the Capitol.

IV c. 2 ) gave local magistrates the powers to search any private property for weapons and seize them and arrest the owners.

His works include: Ad Sabinum, a commentary on the jus civile, in over 50 books ; Ad edictum, a commentary on the Edict, in 83 books ; collections of opinions, responses and disputations ; books of rules and institutions ; treatises on the functions of the different magistrates — one of them, the De officio proconsulis libri x., being a comprehensive exposition of the criminal law ; monographs on various statutes, on testamentary trusts, and a variety of other works.

A passage reflecting on the character of female actors in general was construed as an aspersion on the queen ; passages which attacked the spectators of plays and magistrates who failed to suppress them, pointed by references to Nero and other tyrants, were taken as attacks on the king, Charles I.

Youth magistrates have a wider catalogue of disposals available to them for dealing with young offenders and often hear more serious cases against youths ( which for adults would normally be dealt with by the Crown Court ).

If the magistrates consider that an either way offence is too serious for them to deal with, they may " decline jurisdiction " which means that the defendant will have to appear in the Crown Court.

The Tory magistrates did nothing to stop them and did not prosecute them afterwards.