The device consists of an active channel through which majority charge carriers, electrons or holes, flow from the source to the drain.

From this, Rutherford concluded that the majority of the mass was concentrated in a minute, positively charged region ( the nucleus ) surrounded by electrons.

The vast majority of modern day tubes consist of a sealed container with a vacuum inside, and essentially rely on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot filament or hot cathode.

Because the majority of electrons are trapped in the Hall current, they have a long residence time inside the thruster and are able to ionize almost all of the xenon propellant, allowing for mass utilizations of 90 – 99 %.

When a doped semiconductor contains excess holes it is called " p-type ", and when it contains excess free electrons it is known as " n-type ", where p ( positive for holes ) or n ( negative for electrons ) is the sign of the charge of the majority mobile charge carriers.

The electrons in the base are called minority carriers because the base is doped p-type which would make holes the majority carrier in the base.

In extrinsic ( doped ) semiconductors, dopant atoms increase the majority charge carrier concentration by donating electrons to the conduction band or accepting holes in the valence band.

In metals it is useful to treat the conduction electrons alone as a degenerate, free electron gas while the majority of the electrons are regarded as occupying bound quantum states.

The majority carriers are quickly injected into the conduction band of the metal contact on the other side of the diode to become free moving electrons.

Since electrons are over one thousand times less massive than even the lightest atoms, this meant that the electrons held on to the vast majority of that kinetic energy.

If an intrinsic semiconductor is doped with n-type impurity then the majority carriers are electrons ; if the semiconductor is doped with p-type impurity then the majority carriers are holes.

The image dissector has no " charge storage " characteristic ; the vast majority of electrons emitted by the photocathode are excluded by the scanning aperture, and thus wasted rather than being stored on a photo-sensitive target, as in the iconoscope or image orthicon ( see below ), which largely accounts for its low light sensitivity.

Thus, holes are the majority carriers, while electrons become minority carriers in p-type materials.

In the case of n-type semiconductors, the electrons are considered to be the majority charge carrier.

Only majority carriers ( electrons in N-type material or holes in P-type ) can flow through a semiconductor for a macroscopic length.

Although the electrons penetrate only a short distance into the P-type material, the electric current continues uninterrupted, because holes ( the majority carriers ) begin to flow in the opposite direction.

Unfortunately higher energy photons, those at the blue and violet end of the spectrum, have more than enough energy to cross the band gap ; although some of this extra energy is transferred into the electrons, the majority of it is wasted as heat.

If a monochromatic primary beam of electrons is incident on a solid surface, the majority of incident electrons lose their energy because they interact strongly with matter, leading to plasmon excitation, electron-hole pair formation, and vibrational excitation.

And the great majority of these people are of Anglo-Saxon or Celtic descent.

It was my desire to advise the membership of the Legion that the majority of polling places are on private property and, without an amendment to the law, we could not enforce this.

Taxation of tangible movable property in Rhode Island has been generally of a `` hands off '' nature due possibly to several reasons: ( 1 ) local assessors, in the main, are not well paid and have inadequate office staffs, ( 2 ) the numerous categories of this component of personal property make locating extremely difficult, and ( 3 ) the inexperience of the majority of assessors in evaluating this type of property.

A recent survey disclosed there are about 4,000 commercially and municipally operated marinas and boatyards in the United States, the majority of which are equipped to handle outboard boats.

The great majority of present-day linguists fall into one or more of a number of overlapping types: those who are convinced that tone cannot be analysed, those who are personally scared of tone and tone languages generally, those who are convinced that tone is merely an unnecessary marginal feature in those languages where it occurs, those who have no idea how to proceed with tone analysis, those who take a simplistic view of the whole matter.

And while all concerned are members of the literal public, somewhat less than all concerned, although still a majority, form the quotation marked `` public ''.

the majority of such contacts are with people of similar social and economic position ; ;

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues ( Cicero described his literary style as " a river of gold "), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.

The majority of the clocks are caesium clocks ; the definition of the SI second is written in terms of caesium.

In the majority of species of caecilians, the young are produced by vivipary.

In pure water the majority of molecules exist as H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, but a small number of molecules are constantly dissociating and re-associating.

The majority of scientific contributions by amateur astronomers are in the area of data collection.

Had the AMD been allowed to depreciate to its market level, exports would have become more competitive and the purchasing power of the majority of the population who are dependent on remittances from abroad would have increased.

The majority of lands in American Samoa and independent Samoa are communal.

This means that the individual atoms can be treated as if each were in isolation, as the vast majority of the time they are.

The great majority of Anglicans are members of churches which are part of the international Anglican Communion .< ref name =" acomm ">

The majority of abalone species are found in cold waters, off the Southern Hemisphere coasts of New Zealand, South Africa and Australia, and Western North America and Japan in the Northern Hemisphere.

Primitive Baptists in the Appalachian region often used " New Britain " with other hymns, and sometimes sing the words of " Amazing Grace " to other folk songs, including titles such as " In the Pines ", " Pisgah ", " Primrose ", and " Evan ", as all are able to be sung in common meter, of which the majority of their repertoire consists.

Once the game ends, the minority and majority bonuses are paid to the minority and majority holders in each of the remaining chains ; each player sells his or her shares of stock in each of the remaining chains ; and the player with the most money wins.

* 1989 – General elections are held in Nicaragua with the Sandinista National Liberation Front winning a majority.

On all three occasions, 35 senators voted " guilty " and 19 " not guilty ", thus falling short by a single vote of the two-thirds majority required for conviction in impeachment trials.

The Bulgarian Socialist Party won the parliamentary elections in 2005 with 82 out of the 240 seats, thus it didn't get the majority of the seats, with Simeon's movement being the second party.

The election was effectively a repeat of 1997, as the Labour party vindicated the faith placed in it 4 years ago, and thus retained its overwhelming majority.

The majority of mainstream criticism of cryptozoology is thus directed towards the search for megafauna cryptids such as Bigfoot, the Yeti, and the Loch Ness Monster, which appear often in popular culture, but for which there is little or no scientific support.

The state itself was the obvious center of authority in the majority of cases, and the civil wars were thus fought for control of the state.

Study of nucleosynthesis in the Big Bang produces an upper bound on the amount of baryonic matter in the universe, which indicates that the vast majority of dark matter in the universe cannot be baryons, and thus does not form atoms.

It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties ( thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states, see immigrant languages ), which significantly differ from the majority or official language ( thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language ) and that either have a territorial basis ( and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State ) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole ( thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani, which are used over a wide geographic area ).

Because the majority of diversity and biomass on Earth is microbial, and thus difficult to measure, recorded extinction events affect the easily observed, biologically complex component of the biosphere rather than the total diversity and abundance of life.

The party won 167 of the 169 seats allotted to East Pakistan, and thus a majority of the 300 seats in the Parliament.

However, a gerrymander may also be used for purposes that some perceive as positive, such as in US federal voting district boundaries that produce a majority of constituents representative of African-American or other racial minorities ( these are thus called " majority-minority districts ").

For a few days, the entire IRC network suffered frequent netsplits, but eventually the majority of servers added the Q-line and effectively created a new separate IRC net called EFnet ( Eris-Free Network ); the remaining servers who stayed connected to eris ( and thus were no longer able to connect to EFnet servers ) were called A-net ( Anarchy Network ).

Paul Maier states that the first case is generally seen as hopeless, given that a Jew, Josephus would not have claimed Jesus as the Messiah, and that the second option is hardly tenable given the presence of the reference in all Greek manuscripts ; thus a large majority of modern scholars accept the third alternative, i. e. partial authenticity.

In 1998, an ad hoc CCAR committee on Human Sexuality issued its majority report ( 11 to 1, 1 abstention ) which stated that the holiness within a Jewish marriage " may be present in committed same gender relationships between two Jews and that these relationships can serve as the foundation of stable Jewish families, thus adding strength to the Jewish community.

At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic transatlantic relationship, and thus have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-US foreign policy.

Others concluded that a search for life on Earth at kilometer resolution, using several thousand photographs, did not reveal a sign of life on the vast majority of these photographs ; thus, based on the 22 photographs taken by Mariner 4, one could not conclude there was no intelligent life on Mars.

# Very large coalitions, representing a supermajority larger than the absolute majority ( 61 seats ), and thus giving the coalition's main faction ( the Prime minister's ) more options.

This radiotracer is used in essentially all scans for oncology and most scans in neurology, and thus makes up the large majority of all of the radiotracer (> 95 %) used in PET and PET / CT scanning.

A private company will serve the needs of those who are most willing ( and able ) to pay, as opposed to the needs of the majority, and are thus anti-democratic.

Any mutations for the preference opposite to the given characteristic, though tending to promote survival against ecological selection, nevertheless tend not to survive in the gene pool because male offspring that result from matings based on the preference are less sexually attractive to the majority of the females in the population, and thus infrequently chosen as mates.

The previous ABC affiliate, KTVI, in contrast, was one of the strongest affiliates-it had become a Fox station in 1995, and thus, has televised the majority of the Rams ' games in this period.

Despite the fact that Manning was unable to attract a majority ( and Parliament was thus unable to sit ), he delayed calling elections until October 2002.

Nighttime EMG biofeedback ( for instance by using a biofeedback headband or biofeedback device ) can be used to reduce bruxism and thus reduce or eliminate the ongoing nightly cycle of damage that contributes to the majority of TMJ disorder symptoms.