An abstraction can be seen as a process of mapping multiple different pieces of constituent data to a single piece of abstract data based on similarities in the constituent data, for example many different physical cats map to the abstraction " CAT ".

Computer controlled music is also found in the performance pieces by the Canadian composer Udo Kasemets such as the Marce ( ntennia ) l Circus C ( ag ) elebrating Duchamp ( 1987 ), a realization of the Marcel Duchamp process piece Erratum Musical using an electric model train to collect a hopper-car of stones to be deposited on a drum wired to an Analog: Digital converter, mapping the stone impacts to a score display ( performed in Toronto by pianist Gordon Monahan during the 1987 Duchamp Centennial ), or his installations and performance works ( e. g. Spectrascapes ) based on his Geo ( sono ) scope ( 1986 ) 15x4-channel computer-controlled audio mixer.

Brain mapping by the technique of cortical electrical stimulation or Electrocorticography are other procedures used in the process of invasive testing in some patients.

This implies that word learning is a probabilistic, error-driven process, rather than a process of fast mapping, as many nativists assume.

Nevertheless, anthropologists never reached a consensus, and with the Vietnam War and the process of decolonization in Africa, Asia, and Oceania, anthropological interests shifted away from mapping local social relationships.

For this reason, many programmers find themselves more at home with an object-SQL mapping system, even though most object-oriented databases are able to process SQL queries to a limited extent.

Soil survey, or soil mapping, is the process of determining the soil types or other properties of the soil cover over a landscape, and mapping them for others to understand and use.

The EOF abstracts the process of interacting with a relational database, mapping database rows to Java or Objective-C objects.

However, rasterization is simply the process of computing the mapping from scene geometry to pixels and does not prescribe a particular way to compute the color of those pixels.

The steps are often thought of as moments in time, but they can equally well refer to physical distance or any other discrete measurement ; formally, the steps are the integers or natural numbers, and the random process is a mapping of these to states.

* Soil survey, or soil mapping, is the process of determining the soil types or other properties of the soil cover over a landscape, and mapping them for others to understand and use.

Most modern topographic mapping includes a large component of remotely sensed data in its compilation process.

These maps can be made manually using simple tools such as Microsoft Visio, or the mapping process can be simplified by using tools that integrate auto network discovery with Network mapping.

Whole brain emulation or mind uploading ( sometimes called mind transfer ) is the hypothetical process of transferring or copying a conscious mind from a brain to a non-biological substrate by scanning and mapping a biological brain in detail and copying its state into a computer system or another computational device.

During the photon mapping process, when a photon strikes a surface, in addition to the usual operations performed, a shadow photon is emitted in the same direction the original photon came from that goes all the way through the object.

* Business process mapping

Institutions such as the University of Maryland's Human Computer Interaction ( HCI ) program and organizations such as the Parsons Institute for Information Mapping ™ have extended this methodology to include greater graphic design, visualization, technology, and knowledge management capabilities into the process of mapping information.

Since excavating a tell is a destructive process, physicists and geophysicists have developed non-destructive methods of mapping tell sites.

They include informal conversations with customers, employees, or suppliers ; exploratory research techniques such as focus groups ; or in-depth marketing research, quantitative research, surveys, questionnaires, re-engineering analysis, process mapping, quality control variance reports, financial ratio analysis, or simply reviewing cycle times or other performance indicators.

" Tonotopic organization ", also referred to as a " frequency-to-place " mapping, is the way the ear sorts out different frequencies so that our brain can process that information.

In the 1957 " Co-Occurrence and Transformation " paper his criterion for a transformation between two sentence-forms was that inter-word co-occurrence restrictions should be preserved under the mapping ; that is, if two sentence-forms are transforms, then acceptable word choices for one also obtain for the other.

Any polynomial, and more generally any rational function p ( x )/ q ( x ) where p and q are polynomials, transforms the Riemann sphere by mapping it to itself.

Data mappings can be done in a variety of ways using procedural code, creating XSLT transforms or by using graphical mapping tools that automatically generate executable transformation programs.

The high dynamic range image is passed to a tone mapping operator, in this case a non-local operator, which transforms the image into a low dynamic range image suitable for viewing on a monitor.

It was released as an open beta in July 2009 and the changes included enhanced macro abilities, a more configurable interface, changes to the mapping system, and graphical improvements.

The urban land use study carried out by the planning division staff has consisted of identifying and mapping all urban land uses which are of significance to statewide planning.

We use the stronger statement that every odd ( antipode-preserving ) mapping h: S < sup > n-1 </ sup > → S < sup > n-1 </ sup > has odd degree.

It was the first expedition to use aerial photography and shortwave radio for mapping of the region.

First published in 1932 as Fugitives Wanted by Police, the FBI Law Bulletin covers topics including law enforcement technology and issues, such as crime mapping and use of force, as well as recent criminal justice research, and Vi-CAP alerts, on wanted suspects and key cases.

For example, when mapping character strings between upper and lower case, one can use the binary encoding of each character, interpreted as an integer, to index a table that gives the alternative form of that character (" A " for " a ", " 8 " for " 8 ", etc .).

Cook's aptitude for surveying was put to good use mapping the jagged coast of Newfoundland in the 1760s, aboard the HMS Grenville.

Buzan also uses popular assumptions about the cerebral hemispheres in order to promote the exclusive use of mind mapping over other forms of note making.

Through the use of MIDI mapping, various MIDI controllers can be used to command the program.

For a use in mapping neurons see the applications of pseudorabies in neuroscience.

Landslide hazard analysis and mapping can provide useful information for catastrophic loss reduction, and assist in the development of guidelines for sustainable land use planning.

The Presentation Layer establishes context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities may use different syntax and semantics if the presentation service provides a mapping between them.

# Internet InterORB Protocol ( IIOP ) — The Internet Inter-Orb Protocol is an implementation of the GIOP for use over the Internet, and provides a mapping between GIOP messages and the TCP / IP layer.

Eventually, through patient mapping and innovative use of index fossil analysis, Lapworth showed that what was thought to be a thick sequence of Silurian rocks was in fact a much thinner series of rocks repeated by faulting and folding.

In some application protocols that use IP address information, the application running on a node in the masqueraded network needs to determine the external address of the NAT, i. e., the address that its communication peers detect, and, furthermore, often needs to examine and categorize the type of mapping in use.

* Soil Science – study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth including soil formation, classification and mapping ; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils ; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the earth including soil formation, classification and mapping ; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils ; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

This can be overcome in texture mapping through the use of mipmapping and anisotropic filtering

Some non-mel auditory-frequency-scale formulas use the same form but with much lower break frequency, not necessarily mapping to 1000 at 1000 Hz ; for example the ERB-rate scale of Glasberg & Moore ( 1990 ) uses a break point of 228. 8 Hz, and the cochlear frequency – place map of Greenwood ( 1990 ) uses 165. 3 Hz.

In some situations sea level does not apply at all — for instance for mapping Mars ' surface — forcing the use of a different " zero elevation ", such as mean radius.