Since the free energy is the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a system, one can write:

Such processes and devices can only be driven by convertible energy, and have a theoretical maximum efficiency when converting energy to work.

Through the efforts of Clausius and Kelvin, it is now known that the maximum work that can be done is the product of the Carnot efficiency and the heat absorbed at the hot reservoir:

While not strong enough for most rifle cartridges, plated bullets work well in many handgun rounds, with a recommended maximum velocity of 1250 ft / s ( 375 m / s ).

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 set the maximum standard work week to 44 hours, and in 1950 this was reduced to 40 hours.

Despite the 40-hour standard maximum work week, some lines of work require more than 40 hours to complete the tasks of the job.

In addition, PTs work with individuals to prevent the loss of mobility before it occurs by developing fitness and wellness-oriented programs for healthier and more active lifestyles, providing services to individuals and populations to develop, maintain and restore maximum movement and functional ability throughout the lifespan.

Many of King's other reforms continue today, including the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the nationalized Bank of Canada, versions of minimum wage, maximum hours of work, pension, and unemployment insurance legislation.

* Principle of maximum work

The programme of work and its mandate is pluri-annual in nature, for a maximum of four years.

These acts were largely ineffective and after radical agitation, by for example the " Short Time Committees " in 1831, a Royal Commission recommended in 1833 that children aged 11 – 18 should work a maximum of 12 hours per day, children aged 9 – 11 a maximum of eight hours, and children under the age of nine should no longer be permitted to work.

Since it makes no reference to any quantities involved in work ( such as p and V ), the Helmholtz function is completely general: its decrease is the maximum amount of work which can be done by a system, and it can increase at most by the amount of work done on a system.

In 1875, after quantifying the heats of reaction for a large number of compounds, Berthelot proposed the principle of maximum work, in which all chemical changes occurring without intervention of outside energy tend toward the production of bodies or of a system of bodies which liberate heat.

Falcone's parents emphasised the importance of hard work, bravery and patriotism, he later said they ' expected the maximum ' from him.

However, in order to provide maximum performance and leverage hardware features ( or work around hardware bugs ), PC applications quickly evolved beyond the simple terminal applications that MS-DOS supported directly.

The length of time taken to complete this project was partly due to experimentations and improvements in the process developed by Murdoch to make the lighting of a large factory by gas practicable and cost effective-such as purifying the gas with lime to remove the smell and determining the best temperature to heat coal to obtain the maximum quantity of gas-although Murdoch continued to be involved in other engine work for Boulton and Watt, which took up much of his time.

Implemented in 10 μm silicon-gate enhancement load PMOS ; initial versions of the 8008 could work at clock frequencies up to 0. 5 MHz, this was later increased in the 8008-1 to a specified maximum of 0. 8 MHz.

In many practical applications, parameter estimation for naive Bayes models uses the method of maximum likelihood ; in other words, one can work with the naive Bayes model without believing in Bayesian probability or using any Bayesian methods.

Foundation piecing is a sewing technique that allows maximum stability of the work as the piecing is created, minimizing the distorting effect of working with slender pieces or bias cut pieces.

The maximum loan which SBA may make to any one borrower is $350,000.

The Act further provides for a `` floor '' or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the `` base '' allotment, and a `` ceiling '' or maximum allotment, for each State.

Determine if the particular State's unadjusted allotment ( result obtained in item 11 above ) is greater than its maximum allotment, and if so lower its unadjusted allotment to its maximum allotment.

It is estimated that about 542,250 miles of forest development roads, and 80,000 miles of trails, constitute the system that will eventually be needed to obtain the maximum practicable yield and use of the wood, water, forage, and wildlife and recreation resources of the National Forests on a continuing basis.

The rules and policies to be applied in this process of course must be based on objectives which represent what is to be desired if radio service is to be of maximum use to the Nation.

Without losing the distinctive undertow of Brahmsian rhythm, the pacing is firm and the over-all performance has a tightly knit quality that makes for maximum cumulative effect.

The size of the press is usually expressed in terms of chuck capacity ( the maximum diameter tool shank it will hold ) or distance between the spindle center and the column.

We know now that a 15-degree differential in temperature is the maximum usually desirable, and accurate controls assure the comfort we want.

and that the maximum of the radio emission came about 3-1/2 days after Full Moon, which is again in contrast to the infrared emission, which reaches its maximum at Full Moon.

The maximum angular diameter of any planetary disk as observed from the earth is about 1 minute of arc.

Essentially these birefringence studies show that at low rates of shear a tension is present at 45-degrees to the direction of shear, and as the rate of shear increases, the direction of the maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of shear.

For four of the six ( the anaconda and the amethystine python cannot be included for lack of data ) there is also a correlation between size at maturity and maximum length, the boa constrictor being the smallest and the Indian python the next in size at the former stage.

Until better records have been kept over longer periods of time and much more is known about the maximum dimensions, it will be wise to refrain from drawing conclusions.

The following information on snakes varying greatly in size ( but all with less than a 10-foot maximum ) shows, when considered with the foregoing, that there is probably no correlation between the length of a snake and the time required for it to mature.

He concluded that the anaconda's maximum length is 12 or 13 ( perhaps 14 ) meters, which would approximate from 39 to 42 feet ( 14 meters is slightly less than 46 feet ).

The polyethylene cover reduced the oxygen transfer rate by 10 per cent, indicating that the maximum oxygen transfer is at the rotor rather than through the surface.

The minimum diameter of the pin frame in the collapsed state is 11 inches and the maximum diameter in the freely extended state ( unloaded ) is 14 inches.

The luminous efficiency Af of a photocathode depends on the maximum radiant sensitivity Af and on the spectral distribution of the incident light Af by the relation: Af where Af is normalized radiant photocathode sensitivity.

then the search for the maximum at any one stage will require a number of operations of order Af ( where a is some number not unreasonably large ).

If, however, we are seeking the optimal R-stage policy for a given feed state, only one search for a maximum is required at the final step.

The maximum coordination number for a certain metal is thus related to the electronic configuration of the metal ion ( to be more specific, the number of empty orbitals ) and to the ratio of the size of the ligands and the metal ion.

In simple chemistry, as per valence bond theory, the carbon atom must follow the " 4-hydrogen rule ", which states that the maximum number of atoms available to bond with carbon is equal to the number of electrons that are attracted into the outer shell of carbon. In terms of shells, carbon consists of an incomplete outer shell, which comprises 4 electrons, and thus has 4 electrons available for covalent or dative bonding.

One variation is to make the maximum number of rounds on the way up no greater than 7, 8, or 9 rounds ( thus, even with four players, the players could opt to have the pattern of cards be 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1, as playing 12 or 13 rounds up and then down again might be too lengthy for some ).

This double-digestion process enables rabbits to use nutrients that they may have missed during the first passage through the gut, as well as the nutrients formed by the microbial activity and thus ensures that maximum nutrition is derived from the food they eat.

The box-rule might specify only a few parameters such as maximum length, minimum weight, and maximum sail area, thus allowing creative engineering to develop the fastest boat within the constraints.

The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies and thus what is today considered a skyscraper is taller than before.

In females, the bladder sits inferior to the uterus and anterior to the vagina ; thus, its maximum capacity is lower than in males.

The absolute range is thus the range at which an aircraft can fly with maximum possible fuel without carrying any payload.

This gives maximum phase-separation between adjacent points and thus the best immunity to corruption.

An impedance mismatch can be also quantified with the standing wave ratio ( SWR or VSWR for voltage ), which is connected to the impedance ratio and reflection coefficient by:, where are the minimum and maximum values of the voltage absolute value, and the VSWR is the voltage standing wave ratio, which value of 1 denotes full transmission, without reflection and thus no standing wave, while very large values mean high reflection and standing wave pattern.

A new diatom cell of maximum size, the initial cell, forms within the auxospore thus beginning a new generation.

Consumer surplus is thus the definite integral of the demand function with respect to price, minus the definite integral of the constant function D ( P )= Q < sub > mkt </ sub > ( i. e. P < sub > mkt </ sub > Q < sub > mkt </ sub >), from the market price to the maximum reservation price ( i. e. the price-intercept of the demand function ):

To inflict the maximum possible casualties, he planned to attack a position from which the French could not retreat for reason of both strategic positions and national pride and thus trap the French.

There is, however, no limit on the number of overs each bowler may bowl in first class cricket matches, except that no two overs can be bowled consecutively thus restricting any one bowler from a maximum of 50 % ( plus 1 over ) of each innings total.

In seeking the maximum possible sentence, the prosecutors stated that Guandique " is unable to control himself and thus, will always remain a danger to women.

The supported policy in RHEL4 is the targeted policy which aims for maximum ease of use and thus is not as restrictive as it might be.

The 18 week maximum waiting period target thus includes all the times taken for the patient to attend the first appointment with the specialist, any tests called for by the specialist to determine precisely the root of the patient's problem and the best way to treat it.

However, with the tiltrotor this problem is avoided, because the proprotors are perpendicular to the motion in the high-speed portions of the flight regime ( and thus never suffering this reverse flow condition ), meaning that the tiltrotor has relatively high maximum speed-over 300 knots / 560 km / h has been demonstrated in the two types of tiltrotors flown so far, and cruise speeds of 250 knots / 460 km / h are achieved.

** It is a multiplexer that connected multiple terminals into one communication line to the CPU, thus relieved the constraints on the maximum number of communication lines per CPU.

In addition, since DWDM provides greater maximum capacity it tends to be used at a higher level in the communications hierarchy than CWDM, for example on the Internet backbone and is therefore associated with higher modulation rates, thus creating a smaller market for DWDM devices with very high performance levels.

Although it might take a short time to get the token depending on the number of nodes and the size of the messages currently being sent about, you will always receive it within a predictable maximum time ; thus it is deterministic.

The degree of cooperativity is characterized by the maximum slope in the " ramping up " region, which is ~ 2. 8 for hemoglobin ; thus, at its most cooperative, hemoglobin effectively binds three ligands in concert.

This is quite different from the quasi-decadal oscillation ( QDO ) with a period of 8 – 12 years and maximum SST anomalies straddling the equator, thus resembling ENSO.

The maximum addressable memory space was thus 32K words ( 192K bytes ).