Everything possible has been scaled to standard sizes and measurements of materials.

An international standard for this process, ISO 16622 Meteorology — Sonic anemometers / thermometers — Acceptance test methods for mean wind measurements is in general circulation.

The earliest and most direct kinds of observational evidence are the Hubble-type expansion seen in the redshifts of galaxies, the detailed measurements of the cosmic microwave background, the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and today also the large scale distribution and apparent evolution of galaxies predicted to occur due to gravitational growth of structure in the standard theory.

Among standard measurements, the wing chord measures, the exposed culmen measures and the tarsus measures.

Among standard measurements, the wing chord is, the tail is the culmen is and the tarsus is.

: In some fields of study it is not possible to have independent measurements to a traceable standard.

Detonation pressure data derived from measurements of shock waves transmitted into water by the detonation of cylindrical explosive charges of a standard size.

Royal Observatory, Greenwich | Greenwich clock with standard measurements

A discussion of measurements of a standard metre bar and the errors encountered in making the measurements is found in a NIST document.

Although the metre is now defined as the path length travelled by light in a given time, the practical laboratory length measurements in metres are determined by counting the number of wavelengths of laser light of one of the standard types that fit into the length, and converting the selected unit of wavelength to metres.

Also, other processes used to be applied in order to map the camera RGB measurements into a standard RGB color space as sRGB.

In science, researchers commonly report the standard deviation of experimental data, and only effects that fall far outside the range of standard deviation are considered statistically significant – normal random error or variation in the measurements is in this way distinguished from causal variation.

Standard conditions for temperature and pressure are standard sets of conditions for experimental measurements established to allow comparisons to be made between different sets of data.

Thus, although the current standard model of particle physics " in principle " predicts all known non-gravitational phenomena, in practice only a few quantitative results have been derived from the full theory ( e. g., the masses of some of the simplest hadrons ), and these results ( especially the particle masses which are most relevant for low-energy physics ) are less accurate than existing experimental measurements.

In spite of the fact that the decreed definition of the gram specified water at 0 ° C — a highly reproducible temperature — the scientists chose to redefine the standard and to perform their measurements at the temperature of highest water density, which was measured at the time as.

The convention had reverted to defining the atomic weight of hydrogen as 1, although at the level of precision of measurements at that time — relative uncertainties of around 1 % — this was numerically equivalent to the later standard of oxygen = 16.

Among standard measurements, the wing chord is, the tail is, the culmen is and the tarsus is.

In that case, the term standard error is properly applied: the precision of the average is equal to the known standard deviation of the process divided by the square root of the number of measurements averaged.

Artedi developed standard methods for making counts and measurements of anatomical features that are modernly exploited.

When the same experiment was performed with non-deuterated control liquid, the measurements were within one standard deviation of background, indicating that the neutron production had only occurred during cavitation of the deuterated liquid.

The bird in the hand may be examined and measurements can be made including standard lengths and weight.

Unlike per capita GDP or standard of living, both of which can be measured in financial terms, it is harder to make objective or long-term measurements of the quality of life experienced by nations or other groups of people.

His measurements of the tiny effect produced in the apparatus he used were an experimental tour de force, accomplished 18 years before the electron was discovered.

CFD is present in any interpretation of quantum mechanics that regards quantum mechanical measurements to be objective descriptions of a system's state independent of the measuring process, but also if regarded as an objective description of the system and the measurement apparatus.

The probes were optimised for atmospheric measurements, but not equipped with any special landing apparatus.

A physical apparatus for taking measurements may have suffered a transient malfunction.

A scientific instrument can be any type of equipment,, apparatus or device as is specifically designed, constructed and often, through trial and error, ingeniously refined to apply utmost efficiency in the utilization of well proven physical principle, relationship or technology to facilitate or enable the pursuit, acquisition, transduction and storage of repeatable, verifiable data, usually consisting of sets numerical measurements made upon otherwise unknown, unproven quantities, properties, phenomena, materials, forces or etc., preferably as those characterized over time by an increasing degree of accuracy and precision and, typically, those initially derived as isolated or dependent variable results from, or empirical observations made during, the course of such experimental procedures as are firmly based upon the scientific method and long accepted tenants of experimental design.

* The 1846 introduction by surgeon John Hutchinson ( 1811 – 1861 ) of the spirometer, an apparatus for assessing the mechanical properties of the lungs via measurements of forced exhalation and forced inhalation.

He developed improved experimental apparatus which allowed him to make very accurate measurements of the X-ray wavelengths produced by atoms of different elements.

If observers and their measuring apparatus are themselves described by a deterministic wave function, why can we not predict precise results for measurements, but only probabilities?

If an experiment is searching for a sidereal variation of some measurement, and if the measurement is rounded-off by a human who knows the sidereal time of the measurement, and if hundreds of measurements are averaged to extract a " signal " which is smaller than the apparatus ' actual resolution, then it should be clear that this " signal " can come from the non-random round-off, and not from the apparatus itself.

If no pattern in a series of repeated measurements is evident, the presence of fixed systematic errors can only be found if the measurements are checked, either by measuring a known quantity or by comparing the readings with readings made using a different apparatus, known to be more accurate.

Automatic or Automated Test Equipment ( ATE ) is any apparatus that performs tests on a device, known as the Device Under Test ( DUT ), using automation to quickly perform measurements and evaluate the test results.

Trans., 1788, p. 403 ) Nicholson later described a " spinning condenser " apparatus, as a better instrument for measurements.

He invented entirely new apparatus for the measurements and put in many long days of work to carry out the measurements himself.

* " The x-ray surface forces apparatus for simultaneous x-ray diffraction and direct normal and lateral force measurements ".

Similar measurements are being initiated to resolve a large discrepancy in the heat of formation of another important combustion product, beryllium fluoride.

However, the surface temperature gradient can produce erroneous vapor-pressure measurements for the bulk liquid helium unless precautions are taken to isolate the tube ( which passes through the surface to the vapor pressure bulb ) from the liquid helium surface.

Precise pressure-volume-temperature measurements on corrosive gases are dependent on a sensitive yet rugged pressure transducer.

When sufficiently accurate and complete measurements are available, it will be possible to set limits on the thermal and electrical characteristics of the surface and subsurface materials of the moon.

Oversized monsters are never brought home either alive or preserved, and field measurements are obviously open to doubt because of the universal tendency to exaggerate dimensions.

field measurements by experienced explorers are not rejected, and even reports of a less scientific nature are duly evaluated.

In this publication measurements of interfacial angles of crystals are used to classify and identify chemical substances.

Crystallographic data resulting mainly from X-ray and electron diffraction measurements are presented.

The data presented are derived almost entirely from X-ray diffraction measurements and include atomic coordinates, cell dimensions, and atomic and ionic radii.

These theoretical relationships are more clearly illustrated in Fig. 7 and their sum can be seen to correlate in form with practical measurements made with the Hesiometer as illustrated in the first portion of Fig. 5 for the cutting mechanism.

With more advanced equipment, but still cheap in comparison to professional setups, amateur astronomers can measure the light spectrum emitted from astronomical objects, which can yield high-quality scientific data if the measurements are performed with due care.

Astrometric measurements are used by astrophysicists to constrain certain models in celestial mechanics.

There are many factors that can affect these measurements.

In classical LS AAS, as it has been proposed by Alan Walsh, the high spectral resolution required for AAS measurements is provided by the radiation source itself that emits the spectrum of the analyte in the form of lines that are narrower than the absorption lines.

One of these corrections is that for lamp flicker noise, which is independent of wavelength, resulting in measurements with very low noise level ; other corrections are those for background absorption, as will be discussed later.

In LS AAS background absorption can only be corrected using instrumental techniques, and all of them are based on two sequential measurements, firstly, total absorption ( atomic plus background ), secondly, background absorption only, and the difference of the two measurements gives the net atomic absorption.

Picoammeters are used for sensitive measurements where the current being measured is below the theoretical limits of sensitivity of other devices, such as Multimeters.

These measurements are expected to provide further confirmation of the theory as well as information about cosmic inflation, and the so-called secondary anisotropies, such as the Sunyaev-Zel ' dovich effect and Sachs-Wolfe effect, which are caused by interaction between galaxies and clusters with the cosmic microwave background.

If these are comparable to earthly measurements, the city will cover an area about half the size of the contiguous United States.

Details of the modern climate record are known through the taking of measurements from such weather instruments as thermometers, barometers, and anemometers during the past few centuries.