Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity.

Ampicillin has received FDA approval for its mechanism of action.

Furthermore, there is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict well understood, basic aspects of biology and physics.

The exact mechanism of action of paracetamol / acetaminophen is uncertain, but it appears to be acting centrally rather than peripherally ( in the brain rather than in nerve endings ).

Anticonvulsants are most commonly used for neuropathic pain as their mechanism of action tends to inhibit pain sensation.

That action releases a mechanism which causes the petals to suddenly spring open, giving access to the nectar and pollen.

Reactions often consist of a sequence of individual sub-steps, the so-called elementary reactions, and the information on the precise course of action is part of the reaction mechanism.

The mechanism of action of carbamazepine and its derivatives is relatively well-understood.

Their mechanism of action may be related to inhibition of adherence of Escherichia coli to urothelial cells.

The exact mechanism of its action is not yet known.

The pocket of air enclosed between is rarefied by a sucking action of the tongue ( in technical terminology, clicks have a lingual ingressive airstream mechanism ).

The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blood correlates with disease progression, that a plausible mechanism for HIV's action has been proposed, and that anti-HIV medication decreases mortality and opportunistic infection in people with AIDS.

Another possible mechanism involves mutations leading to ineffective GABA ( the brain's most common inhibitory neurotransmitter ) action.

The mechanism of action is unknown.

There may be some mechanism for raising or lowering the bridge saddles to adjust the distance between the strings and the fretboard ( action ), or fine-tuning the intonation of the instrument.

Supposedly invented by Leonardo da Vinci, the Italian Renaissance man, the wheellock action was an innovation that was not widely adopted due to the high cost of the clockwork mechanism.

The biological mechanism ( s ) of the action of general anaesthetics are not well understood.

The mechanism of action was proposed to be increased fluidity of the membrane.

The innovative features of the Gatling gun were its independent firing mechanism for each barrel and the simultaneous action of the locks, barrels, carrier and breech.

The drug Brindley injected into his penis was a non-specific vasodilator, an alpha-blocking agent, and the mechanism of action was clearly corporal smooth muscle relaxation.

Immediately prior to insertion, the clinician will perform a pelvic exam to determine the position of the uterus .< ref name =" Dean 2011 "> p. 150: Mechanism of action Although the precise mechanism of action is not known, currently available IUCs work primarily by preventing sperm from fertilizing ova .< sup > 26 </ sup > IUCs are not abortifacients: they do not interrupt an implanted pregnancy .< sup > 27 </ sup > Pregnancy is prevented by a combination of the " foreign body effect " of the plastic or metal frame and the specific action of the medication ( copper or levonorgestrel ) that is released.

Ribavirin is a prodrug which appears to interfere with viral replication by inhibiting RNA-dependent nucleic acid synthesis, although the precise mechanism of action is disputed.

The exact mechanism of carbamazepine, gabapentin and pregabalin is similarly unclear, but these anticonvulsants are used to treat neuropathic pain with differing degrees of success.

The mechanism of these types of antidepressants involves affecting the neurotransmitters used to communicate between brain cells ; they interfere with reuptake process of the specific chemical messengers.

Discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum, conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer as are transformation and transduction although these two other mechanisms do not involve cell-to-cell contact.

It is located outside the cell membrane and provides these cells with structural support and protection, in addition to acting as a filtering mechanism.

Motor-driven mechanical calculators had these between the drive motor and gear train, to limit damage when the mechanism jammed, as motors used in such calculators had high stall torque and were capable of causing damage to the mechanism if torque wasn't limited.

The lack of compaction of these regions is called bookmarking, which is an epigenetic mechanism believed to be important for transmitting to daughter cells the " memory " of which genes were active prior to entry into mitosis.

All these proteins share a catalytic mechanism of di-metal-ion-mediated nucleotide transfer, whereby two acidic residues located at the end of the first strand and between the second and third strands of the RRM-like unit respectively, chelate two divalent cations.

Between these is a " transduction mechanism " in which hormone binding induces allosteric modification that, in turn, produces the appropriate response.

There must be some unknown mechanism acting on these variables to give rise to the observed effects of " non-commuting quantum observables ", i. e. the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

One speculated mechanism for some forms of inherited epilepsy are mutations of the genes that code for sodium channel proteins ; these defective sodium channels stay open for too long, thus making the neuron hyper-excitable.

Despite these differences, all known naturally-occurring codes are very similar to each other, and the coding mechanism is the same for all organisms: three-base codons, tRNA, ribosomes, reading the code in the same direction and translating the code three letters at a time into sequences of amino acids.

The mechanism for producing these jets is still not well understood.

The hypothetical right-handed neutrinos are not contained in any of these representations, which can explain their relative heaviness ( see seesaw mechanism ).

The principal of these is with the United States ( National Security Agency ), Canada ( Communications Security Establishment ), Australia ( Defence Signals Directorate ) and New Zealand ( Government Communications Security Bureau ), through the mechanism of the UK-US Security Agreement, a broad intelligence sharing agreement encompassing a range of intelligence collection methods.

Most geologists today accept that a combination of these phenomena can be used to explain granite intrusions, and that not all granites can be explained entirely by one or another mechanism.

In the 18th century, a link mechanism was developed connecting these hooks with pedals, leading to the invention of the single-action pedal harp.

This mechanism avoids requiring clients to download every message in the mailbox in order to perform these searches.

Herman Kuhn, quoting from Tattvarthasutra, describes karmas as " a mechanism that makes us thoroughly experience the themes of our life until we gained optimal knowledge from them and until our emotional attachment to these themes falls off.

All of these manners of articulation are pronounced with an airstream mechanism called pulmonic egressive, meaning that the air flows outward, and is powered by the lungs ( actually the ribs and diaphragm ).

There are several hypotheses about how tolerance develops, including opioid receptor phosphorylation ( which would change the receptor conformation ), functional decoupling of receptors from G-proteins ( leading to receptor desensitization ), μ-opioid receptor internalization and / or receptor down-regulation ( reducing the number of available receptors for morphine to act on ), and upregulation of the cAMP pathway ( a counterregulatory mechanism to opioid effects ) ( For a review of these processes, see Koch and Hollt.

At present, it is not clear if all of these represent distinct reactions or merely alternative outcomes of a common mechanism.

However, considering the mechanism of such ADRs, and in clinical practice, these formulations have not demonstrated a reduced risk of GI ulceration.

The mechanism of these renal ADRs is due to changes in renal haemodynamics ( blood flow ), ordinarily mediated by prostaglandins, which are affected by NSAIDs.