A laser consists of a gain medium, a mechanism to supply energy to it, and something to provide optical feedback.

Under certain conditions, stimulated emission can provide a physical mechanism for optical amplification.

There is a clear tape leader at both ends of the tape to provide an optical auto-stop for the VCR transport mechanism.

CLSM is also used as the data retrieval mechanism in some 3D optical data storage systems and has helped determine the age of the Magdalen papyrus.

PRAM is based on the same storage mechanism as writable CDs and DVDs, but reads them based on their changes in electrical resistance rather than changes in their optical properties.

The mechanism of digital optical network, by which an HDOS receive impulses, is similar to that which feeds smaller display panels, although the walls are divided into major sections, and easier to control with greater speed, each with 0. 61 m².

A camera lens ( also known as photographic lens or photographic objective ) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.

Other hardware components were supplied as follows: the beam-combining mirror from REOSC at Saint Pierre du Perray ; the spherical, folding and relay mirrors from Carl Zeiss AG in Oberkochen ; the external straylight baffles from CASA in Madrid ; the modulating grid from CSEM in Neuchatel ; the mechanism control system and the thermal control electronics from Dornier Satellite Systems in Friedrichshafen ; optical filters, the experiment structures and the attitude and orbit control system from Matra Marconi Space in Velizy ; instrument switching mechanisms from Oerlikon-Contraves in Zurich ; the image dissector tube and photomultiplier detectors assembled by the Dutch Space Research Organisation, SRON in The Netherlands ; the refocusing assembly mechanism designed by TNO-TPD in Delft ; the electrical power subsystem from British Aerospace in Bristol ; the structure and reaction control system from Daimler-Benz Aerospace in Bremen ; the solar arrays and thermal control system from Fokker Space System in Leiden ; the data handling and telecommunications system from Saab Ericsson Space in Gothenburg ; and the apogee boost motor from SEP in France.

Another third party innovation was an add-on peripheral called the ThunderScan, which allowed the printer to work as a low-cost optical scanner ( the scanner mechanism temporarily replaced the ink ribbon cartridge ).

Micromachines can be driven by these unique optical beams due to their intrinsic rotating mechanism due to the spin and orbital angular momentum of light.

The main mechanism for sorting is the arrangement of the optical lattice points.

* A Java applet to explore the mechanism of linear momentum transfer in optical tweezers

PRAM is based on the same storage mechanism as writable CDs and DVDs, but reads them based on their changes in electrical resistance rather than changes in their optical properties.

Both color changes and conductivity changes are induced by the same mechanism — twisting of the polymer backbone, disrupting conjugation — making conjugated polymers attractive as sensors that can provide a range of optical and electronic responses.

The LAMI-EPFL developed several microprocessor driven graphic screens since 1974 and André Guignard designed in 1977 a reliable mechanism for measuring the ball movement with optical encoders.

The iSight iMac G5 has few reported issues although a potential problem exists with the optical drive-some brands of writable optical media ( which are a little thicker than standard ) can catch on the outer ( iMac case ) bezel resulting either in the CD / DVD reappearing on the desktop ( a few seconds after the eject command / button ), or in extreme cases ' popping ' out completely onto the desktop as the force of the eject mechanism overcomes the disc catching on the bezel.

The bolt on the right side is a part of a rough adjustment mechanism which allows pointing the optical head in virtually any direction.

This property is very useful since it reduces the demands on the optical pickup used in the playback mechanism.

Rangefinders were based on the coincidence principle with an optical mechanism, operated by a human to compute the range.

The missile also had an unusual safety mechanism in case of a miss ; rather than a self-destruct fuze, if the optical fuze didn't detect a target within 13 ... 16 seconds, the warhead safety mechanism would be engaged to prevent its detonation upon impact.

It does so by generating multiple sub-frames of data while an optical image shifting mechanism ( e. g. the mirror of a digital micromirror device ) then displaces the projected image of each sub-frame by a fraction of a pixel ( e. g. one-half or one-third ).

It still uses rubber domes, but a special plastic ' scissors ' mechanism links the keycap to a plunger that depresses the rubber dome with a much shorter travel than the typical rubber dome keyboard.

The buckling spring mechanism ( expired ) atop the switch is responsible for the tactile and aural response of the keyboard.

The piano hammer mechanism produces a louder note the faster the key is pressed while the harpsichord's plectrum mechanism does not perceptibly vary the volume of the note with different touch on the keyboard.

Centuries of work on the mechanism of the harpsichord in particular had shown the most effective ways to construct the case, soundboard, bridge, and keyboard.

Some instruments have both a keyboard and a mechanism for automated operation, others only one or the other.

The chimes are rung by a mechanism every quarter hour, but are also played via a keyboard on Saturday mornings and at certain other times.

The Denis d ' or had 14 registers, most of which were twofold, and its complex mechanism fitted in a symmetrical wooden cabinet equipped with a keyboard and a pedal.

The hammers are connected to the keys by a mechanism similar to that which drives keyboard glockenspiels.

On machines that support multiple magazines, there is a shifting mechanism that controls which magazine is currently connected to the keyboard.

Microsoft integrated voice commands into their operating systems to provide a mechanism for people who want to limit their use of the mouse and keyboard, but still want to maintain or increase their overall productivity.

This harp mechanism is completely different from the other Hohner electric piano keyboard products, the Cembalet and Pianet, which use the principle of plectra or sticky pads plucking metal reeds that don't require user tuning.

Arthur Rubinstein remarked that it would take him " five hundred years to get a mechanism like ", while Ferruccio Busoni considered himself and Godowsky to be the only composers to have made substantial contributions to keyboard writing and performance since Liszt.

Groven built an organ internally equipped with 36 tones to the octave which had the ability to adjust its tuning automatically during performances ; the performer plays a familiar 12-key ( per octave ) keyboard and in most cases the mechanism will choose from among the three tunings for each key so that the chords played sound virtually in just intonation.

Modern PC keyboards are essentially a membrane keyboard mechanism covered with an array of dome switches which give positive tactile feedback.

Such instruments are furnished with a normal organ keyboard, in addition to the automatic mechanism, making it possible to play them by hand when a human organist is available.

The Model 32 line used the same mechanism and looked identical except for having a three row keyboard and, on the ASR model, a 5 level paper tape reader and punch, both appropriate for Baudot code.

The postage meter normally consists of a keyboard for entering the postage, three seals, and a stamping mechanism.

Other Greek inventions include torsion catapults, pneumatic catapults, crossbows, cranes, rutways, organs, the keyboard mechanism, gears, differential gears, screws, refined parchment, showers, dry docks, diving bells, odometer and astrolabes.

The precise mechanism for organification of iodine in the thyroid is not as yet completely understood.

It is not clear whether this system bears any resemblance to the in vivo iodinating mechanism, and a system generating peroxide has not been identified in thyroid tissue.

Since the circulating thyroid hormones are the amino acids thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine ( cf. Section C ), it is clear that some mechanism must exist in the thyroid gland for their release from proteins before secretion.

It is believed that drug therapy and electroshock involve the former and psychotherapy the latter mechanism.

there is no mechanism for keeping the volumes up to date.

Also, it can be readily seen that the cutting and peeling types of failure show a steady state response, while the cracking mechanism is of a dynamic nature.

The basic difference between the continuous cutting mechanism and that of the chipping mechanism is that instead of shear occurring in the coating ahead of the knife continuously without fracture, rupture intermittently occurs along the shear plane.

If a substitute mechanism is needed for the control of a fictitious impersonal market, quite obviously some method must be devised for representing the public interest.

Sorghum is believed to have the same tolerance mechanism.

They have not been expelled or suspended, since there is no mechanism in this voluntary association to suspend or expel an independent province of the Communion.

This might indicate that anxiety is a protective mechanism designed to prevent the organism from engaging in potentially harmful behaviors.

When a molten metal is mixed with another substance, there are two mechanisms that can cause an alloy to form, called atom exchange and the interstitial mechanism.

With the interstitial mechanism, one atom is usually much smaller than the other, so cannot successfully replace an atom in the crystals of the base metal.

While the mechanism is not fully understood, it is likely to involve the production of electron – positron pairs, as ordinary matter gains tremendous energy while falling into a stellar remnant .< ref >

The merger is the mechanism by which the players compete.

Quantum nonlocality is often proposed as a mechanism for superluminal communication.

Furthermore, there is no proposed mechanism of action by which the positions and motions of stars and planets could affect people and events on Earth that does not contradict well understood, basic aspects of biology and physics.

The exact mechanism of action of paracetamol / acetaminophen is uncertain, but it appears to be acting centrally rather than peripherally ( in the brain rather than in nerve endings ).

The exact mechanism of carbamazepine, gabapentin and pregabalin is similarly unclear, but these anticonvulsants are used to treat neuropathic pain with differing degrees of success.

Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly ( for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival ).

The proposed mechanism of chronic nicotine causing desensitisation of nicotinic receptors, thereby leading to an antidepressant effect, is consistent with the theory first proposed over 30 years ago and subsequent research that confirmed excessive acetylcholine activity in the brain leads to depressive symptoms.

Many pathways and signals lead to apoptosis, but there is only one mechanism that actually causes the death of a cell.

ATM traffic contracts form part of the mechanism by which " quality of service " ( QoS ) is ensured.