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" The medieval Flemish mystic John of Ruysbroeck likewise held that true conscience has four aspects that are necessary to render a man just in the active and contemplative life: " a free spirit, attracting itself through love "; " an intellect enlightened by grace ", " a delight yielding propension or inclination " and " an outflowing losing of oneself in the abyss of ... that eternal object which is the highest and chief blessedness ... those lofty amongst men, are absorbed in it, and immersed in a certain boundless thing.
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medieval and Flemish
* The Flemish town of Douai emits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt stated in 1218 in Rheims.
* Jean Le Bel ( c. 1290 – 1370 ), medieval Flemish chronicler
Bruges also has a very fine collection of medieval and early modern art, including the world-famous collection of Flemish Primitives.
Hasselt () is a Belgian city and municipality, and capital of the Flemish province of Limburg ( equivalent to the medieval County of Loon or Looz ).
In medieval times, the original narrow gateway on the eastern side of the city of Ypres was called the Hangoartpoort, " poort " being the Flemish word for gate.
Although his writing usually incorporated a typically medieval didactic purpose, it also has much in common with other artistic currents of northern Europe which were generally developing, such the realism of Flemish painting, the historical candour of Barbour or the narrative scepticism of Chaucer.
This began to change with a vengeance by the mid-19th century, as appreciation of medieval sculpture and its painting, known as Italian or Flemish " Primitives ", became fashionable under the influence of writers including John Ruskin, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, and Pugin, as well as the romantic medievalism of literary works like Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe ( 1819 ) and Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1831 ).
Most notable medieval mercenaries fell into the ' sergeant ' class, such as Flemish crossbowmen and spearmen, who were seen as reliable quality troops.
* De Leeuw van Vlaanderen ( The Lion of Flanders, synonymous title, but also the nickname of its hero, the medieval Count Robert III of Flanders and the title of the Flemish national epic by Hendrik Conscience ).
The name Whitefield is thought to derive from the medieval bleachfields used by Flemish settlers to whiten their woven fabrics, or else from the wheat crop once cultivated in the district.
* William I, Lord of Douglas ( died c. 1214 )), medieval nobleman of Flemish origin
Historically, the contemporary Flemish community ( or nation, as some Flemings see it ) grew out of the Catholic southern part of the medieval XVII provinces of the Low Countries.
The windows of the Lady Chapel contain some of the finest medieval Flemish painted glass in existence.
The quality of illuminated art in England declined significantly in the face of competition from Flanders in the 14th century, and later English illuminated medieval pieces generally imitated Flemish styles.
Nicholas street and Mary Street the medieval center of Limerick contained many examples of medieval buildings including tall gabled houses in the Flemish or Dutch fashion.
A triangular or wedge formation was also used in the medieval period by the Flemish and Swiss infantry
1420s – before 2 July 1432 ) was a Franco – Flemish composer of the late medieval and early Renaissance eras.
On the first floor the medieval and modern art section, with works of Abruzzese artists of the centuries 13-17th such as: the Polyptich by Jacobello del Fiore ; a Processional Cross by Nicola da Guardiagrele, a group of wooden and terracotta sculptures such as St. Sebastian work of Silvestro dell ' Aquila ; then paintings by Flemish and Roman and Neapolitan artists such as Sebastiano Conca, Bedeschini, Francesco Solimena, Francesco de Mura ; finally the contemporary art section with such artists as M. Vaccari, Renato Guttuso, V. Guidi, G. Capogrossi, O. Tamburi, R. Brindisi.
Welcoming of the Nazi German occupation, De Clercq believed it to constitute a chance for the creation of a Diets state, an unprecedented ( apart from the medieval Burgundian personal union ) Dutch language-based community uniting Flanders, the Netherlands and even the part of northern France with Flemish dialects ( corresponding to French Flanders ).
medieval and mystic
The medieval mystic Nachmanides ( 1194 – 1270 ) identified the Hebrew text as referring to a demon, and identified this " Azazel " with Samael.
The medieval Islamic scholar and mystic Al-Ghazali divided the concept of Nafs ( soul or self ( spirituality )) into three categories based on the Qur ’ an:
Mechthild ( or Mechtild ) of Magdeburg ( c. 1207 – c. 1282 / 1294 ), a Beguine, was a medieval mystic, whose book Das fließende Licht der Gottheit ( The Flowing Light of Divinity ) described her visions of God.
Several of her most famous tracks, such as " Im Nin ' alu ", were reworkings of traditional Yemenite songs, many composed by Rabbi Shalom Shabazi, a medieval poet and mystic whose spiritual and artistic achievements are universally revered in the Yemenite community.
* Milo Rambaldi, a medieval alchemist, engineer and mystic in the American television series Alias
* Ibn Arabi ( 1165-1240 ), early medieval Muslim mystic and philosopher
The entirely democratic form of government created a style of poetry that stood strongly against the medieval mystic and chivalrous style.
* Sahl al-Tustari, a medieval Islamic scholar and early Sufi mystic born in Shushtar
" But his faith is purely medieval in tone, inspired by the romanticism of the age of chivalry ; the individualism, the philosophic insight and the anti-clerical tendencies which made the mystic movement in its later manifestations so important a forerunner of the Reformation are absent in Suso.
# Fire from the Sky-Thanks to Continental Drift and Alfred Wegener's passion for mirages, magic images from the sister of King Arthur, whose chivalry supposedly triggers the medieval courtly love answer to adultery, which were in turn inspired by the free love ideas of the mystical Cathars, who lived next to the mystical cabalists who were fascinated with mystic numbers that spark Pico of Mirandola's ineterest in Hebrew, which then brings trouble for Johann Reuchlin, not helped by his nephew, the Protestant Melanchthon, who had a feud with Osiander, who rewrites the work of Copernicus.
medieval and John
According to the medieval chronicler John of Worcester, Ealdred was given the see of Ramsbury to administer while Herman remained outside England.
John of Worcester, a medieval chronicler, stated that Ealdred crowned King Harold II in 1066, although the Norman chroniclers mention Stigand as the officiating prelate.
John Henry Fleming's Fearsome Creatures of Florida ( Pocol Press, 2009 ) borrows from the medieval bestiary tradition to impart moral lessons about the environment.
The new name " Falstaff " probably derived from the medieval knight Sir John Fastolf ( who was also a Lollard ).
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, John Horace Round and Frederic William Maitland, both historians of medieval Britain, arrived at different conclusions as to the character of English society before the Norman Conquest in 1066.
The theory of impetus, the ancestor to the concepts of inertia and momentum, was developed along similar lines by medieval philosophers such as John Philoponus and Jean Buridan.
The true forerunner of human rights discourse was the concept of natural rights which appeared as part of the medieval Natural law tradition that became prominent during the Enlightenment with such philosophers as John Locke, Francis Hutcheson, and Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, and featured prominently in the political discourse of the American Revolution and the French Revolution.
Shortly after his birth, John was passed from Eleanor into the care of a wet nurse, a traditional practice for medieval noble families.
Richard appears to have started to recognise John as his legitimate heir in the final years before his death, but the matter was not clear-cut and medieval law gave little guidance as to how the competing claims should be decided.
John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine in 1632 praised John's " great renown " as a king ; he blamed the bias of medieval chroniclers for the king's poor reputation.
John of Gaunt spent lavishly in the late 14th century, turning the medieval castle into a palace fortress designed in the latest perpendicular style.
However, there was no Pope John XX, owing to confusion caused by medieval historians misreading the Liber Pontificalis to refer to another Pope John between John XIV and John XV.
After his death, it was rumored that John XXI had actually been a magician ( a suspicion frequently directed towards the few scholars among medieval popes even during their papacy ; cf.
Secularism draws its intellectual roots from Greek and Roman philosophers such as Marcus Aurelius and Epicurus ; medieval Muslim polymaths such as Ibn Rushd ; Enlightenment thinkers such as Denis Diderot, Voltaire, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Thomas Paine ; and more recent freethinkers, agnostics, and atheists such as Robert Ingersoll and Bertrand Russell.
A celebrated medieval series of commentaries was that composed by the Cistercians Bernard of Clairvaux, Gilbert of Hoilandia, and John of Ford over the course of several decades, each continuing the work of the previous.
Stephen remains a popular subject for historical study: David Crouch suggests that after King John he is " arguably the most written-about medieval king of England ".
It is widely accepted that Copernicus's De revolutionibus followed the outline and method set by Ptolemy in his Almagest and employed geometrical constructions that had been developed previously by the Maragheh school in his heliocentric model, and that Galileo's mathematical treatment of acceleration and his concept of impetus rejected earlier medieval analyses of motion, rejecting by name ; Averroes, Avempace, Jean Buridan, and John Philoponus ( see Theory of impetus ).
Ockham and his works have been discussed as a possible influence on several late medieval literary figures and works, especially Geoffrey Chaucer, but also Jean Molinet, the Gawain Poet, François Rabelais, John Skelton, Julian of Norwich, the York and Townely Plays, and Renaissance romances.
* August 29 – John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, medieval English nobleman and soldier ( d. 1375 )
Eventually the medieval remedies were ( mostly ) abolished by the Real Property Limitation Act of 1833 ; the fictional characters of John Doe and Richard Roe by the Common Law Procedure Act 1852 ; and the forms of action themselves by the Judicature Acts 1873-75.
During the later medieval period the town was also called St John's Toun or Saint Johnstoun by its inhabitants in reference to the main church dedicated to St John the Baptist.
During much of the later medieval period it was known colloquially by its Scots-speaking inhabitants as " St. John's Toun " or " Saint Johnstoun " because the church at the centre of the parish was dedicated to St. John the Baptist.
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