The coordination complexes formed by transition metals with primary and secondary phosphines and arsines are being investigated ( R. G. Hayter ).

A number of adjustment features are included in the Hesiometer to facilitate measurement and permit ready removal of coatings deposited on such substrates as iron and other metals, glass, wood, and plastic surfaces.

The defining objectives of alchemy are varied ; these include the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone possessing powers including the capability of turning base metals into the noble metals gold or silver, as well as an elixir of life conferring youth and immortality.

The defining goals of alchemy are often given as the transmutation of common metals into gold ( known as chrysopoeia ), the creation of a panacea, and the discovery of a universal solvent.

The alkali metals are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table with very similar properties: they are all shiny, soft, silvery, highly reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure and readily lose their outermost electron to form cations with charge + 1.

The alkali metals are lithium ( Li ), sodium ( Na ), potassium ( K ), rubidium ( Rb ), caesium ( Cs ), and francium ( Fr ).

Some alloys are made by melting and mixing two or more metals.

In practice, some alloys are used so predominantly with respect to their base metals that the name of the primary constituent is also used as the name of the alloy.

For example, automobile wheels made of an aluminium alloy are commonly referred to as simply " alloy wheels ", although in point of fact steels and most other metals in practical use are also alloys.

By some estimates, this might account for most of the internal radiation damage, as the recoil nuclei are typically heavy metals which preferentially collect on the chromosomes.

Other metals including iron, gold and tin in addition to non-metallic resources are also important.

Consequently, atomizers are most commonly used in the analysis of metals and other conducting samples.

Cycloaddition processes involving alkynes are often catalyzed by metals, e. g. enyne metathesis and alkyne metathesis, which allows the scrambling of carbyne ( RC ) centers:

Alkali salts are soluble hydroxides of alkali metals and alkali earth metals, of which common examples are:

One notable modification of oxygen theory was provided by Berzelius, who stated that acids are oxides of nonmetals while bases are oxides of metals.

Keys plated with other metals are not affected by the settlement, and may continue to use brass alloys with higher percentage of lead content.

The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases — indeed most of the physical environment around us — are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.

A picture emerged of metals as positive ions held together by an ocean of negative electrons.

Alchemy, which was at its high point in the late 16th century when Goldwasser appeared, held gold to have many desirable medical properties ; while modern medicine disputes this, native gold is known to be non-toxic to humans and to pass through the digestive tract unchanged, unlike most other heavy metals.

The voltage difference, V, produced across the terminals of an open circuit made from a pair of dissimilar metals, A and B, whose two junctions are held at different temperatures, is directly proportional to the difference between the hot and cold junction temperatures, T < sub > h </ sub > − T < sub > c </ sub >.

Banknotes were originally a claim for the coins or precious metals held by the bank, but due to the ease with which they could be transferred and the confidence that people had in the capacity of the bank to settle the notes in coins if presented, they gradually became a means of exchange in their own right.

Trials are now held at the Hall of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, having previously taken place at the Palace of Westminster Given modern production methods, it is unlikely that coins would not conform, although this has been a problem in the past as it would have been tempting for the Master of the Mint to steal precious metals.

Shliapnikov turned to writing his memoirs and held jobs in metals import and economic planning institutions.

A Fisheries and Oceans Canada report revealed that Chinook Salmon held in cages off Britannia Creek died in less than 48 hours because of the toxic metals in the water, whereas fish held off Porteau Cove had a 100 per cent survival rate.

Perceiving a molecular isonomy between them and the inorganic compounds of the metals from which they may be formed, Frankland saw their true molecular type in the oxygen, sulfur or chlorine compounds of those metals, from which he held them to be derived by the substitution of an organic group for the oxygen, sulfur, & c. In this way they enabled him to overthrow the theory of conjugate compounds, and they further led him in 1852 to publish the conception that the atoms of each elementary substance have a definite saturation capacity, so that they can only combine with a certain limited number of the atoms of other elements.

Vacuum molding ( V-process ) is a variation of the sand casting process for most ferrous and non-ferrous metals, in which unbonded sand is held in the flask with a vacuum.

In common with Gay-Lussac and Davy, he held subterraneous thermic disturbances to be probably due to the contact of water with metals of the alkalis and alkaline earths.

Banks in most countries had a reserve requirement, a fraction of deposits that was required to be held in liquid form, generally precious metals or government notes or deposits.

Metal vessels, especially from precious metals, were held in higher regard.

Though he lived in an atmosphere of alchemy, he derided the notion of the alkahest or universal solvent, and denounced the deceptions of fraudulent people who pretended to effect the transmutation of metals ( this does not mean he did not believe in transmutation, though ; in his " Experimental Confirmation of Chymical Philosophy " alone he claims to have achieved at least three different transmutations ), he believed mercury to be a constituent of all metals and heavy minerals, though he held there was no proof of the presence of " sulphur comburens ".

An important aspect of the second law of electrolysis is electroplating which together with the first law of electrolysis, has a significant number of applications in the industry, as when used to protect metals to avoid corrosion.

Rhodium is a so-called noble metal, resistant to corrosion, found in platinum-or nickel ores together with the other members of the platinum group metals.

* Arc welding, a method of welding that uses an electric arc to melt the metals together

The mineral was also employed as a flux to solder precious metals together.

Alexis Petit is now probably best known for the surprising Dulong-Petit law concerning the specific heat capacity of metals, which both men formulated together in 1819.

The noble metals including mercury and rhenium together with the non-noble metal copper ordered according their position in the periodic table of the elements

Unlike cymbals, some gongs are made from several different metals fused together.

If those heavy metals react with free fatty acids in the oil medium that binds the pigments together, soaps may form in a paint layer that can then migrate upward to the painting's surface.

Finding that a universal reaction brought together metals, plants and animals under a common law, he next proceeded to a study of modifications in response, which occur under various conditions.

He found that they are all ( metals and living tissues ) benumbed by cold, intoxicated by alcohol, wearied by excessive work, stupefied by anaesthetics, excited by electric currents, stung by physical blows and killed by poison — they all exhibit essentially the same phenomena of fatigue and depression, together with possibilities of recovery and of exaltation, yet also that of permanent irresponsiveness which is associated with death — they all are responsive or irresponsive under the same conditions and in the same manner.

There increasingly were other decorations to churches, where possible in precious metals, and a handful of these survive, like the Ardagh Chalice, together with a larger number of extremely ornate and finely made pieces of secular high-status jewellery, the Celtic brooches probably worn mainly by men, of which the Tara Brooch is the most spectacular.

impregnated with soluble nitrates of the chosen metals and then heated ; the cotton burns away and the nitrates are converted to nitrites, which fuse together to form a solid mesh.

The platinum group metals ( abbreviated as the PGMs ; alternatively, the platinoids, platidises, platinum group, platinum metals, platinum family or platinum group elements ( PGEs )) is a term used sometimes to collectively refer to six metallic elements clustered together in the periodic table.

The residue is then melted together with sodium peroxide, which dissolves all the metals and leaves the iridium.

If the coin was sufficiently heated and struck hard enough, a layer of eutectic alloy ( a mixture of 72 % silver and 28 % copper that has the lowest melting point of any mixture of these two metals ) would be produced, fusing the layers together.

Short-period bimetallic electromechanical timers use a thermal mechanism, with a metal finger made of strips of two metals with different rates of thermal expansion sandwiched together ; steel and bronze are common.

* Vapors of many metals, alone or together with a noble gas, are used in many lasers.

Bimetal refers to an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together.

With gentle pressure and the correct percentage of water the sand grains will bind together and can be used for making a sand mould into which molten metals can be poured from making engineering castings.

Welding is the joining together of materials ( typically metals or thermoplastics ), usually by a fusion process.

If two metals having differing work functions are touched together, one steals electrons from the other, and the opposite net charges grow larger and larger ; this is the Volta effect.